您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 资本运营 > 第三讲-词性转换(构词法)
第三讲词性转换(构词法)[思维导图]一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝;庆祝会attract→attraction吸引conclude→conclusion结论;结束discuss→discussion讨论;辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳;准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释graduate→graduation毕业expect→expectation期望-er/-ordrive→driver司机;驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者;采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥;售票员-mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩;成就argue→argument辩论;论据treat→treatment对待;治疗equip→equipment装备;设备govern→government政府-ance/-enceappear→appearance出现;外貌guide→guidance指引;指导perform→performance表演;节目exist→existence存在;生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考;查阅-inghear→hearing听力;听觉begin→beginning开始-ure/-turefail→failure失败;倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开;出发mix→mixture混合;混合物-yrecover→recovery恢复;痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化;种类tend→tendency趋向;趋势2.形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词-ageshort→shortage不足;短缺-cyefficient→efficiency效率;功效fluent→fluency流利;流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私;私密-domfree→freedom自由;自主wise→wisdom明智;智慧-encedifferent→difference差异silent→silence沉默-nessweak→weakness虚弱;弱点kind→kindness仁慈;好意careless→carelessness粗心大意-thstrong→strength力气;强项warm→warmth温暖;热情-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷;残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能;伤残responsible→responsibility责任二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律后缀例词-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的;合理的-almusic→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的;私人的center→central中央的;中心的nature→natural自然的;天生的-fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的-edscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下划线的-ingsurprise→surprising令人惊异的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的-ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active积极的;活跃的effect→effective有效的;生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的-ouscontinue→continuous不断的;持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的;谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的-ytaste→tasty美味的;可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的-erneast→eastern东方的;向东的-ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的self→selfish自私的-icscience→scientific科学的energy→energetic精力充沛的[名师指津]-ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态,意为“感到……的”,通常修饰人;-ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征,意为“令人……的”,通常修饰物或事。三、形容词转化为副词的规律类别例词直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加-lyhappy→happily高兴地heavy→heavily沉重地词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地gentle→gently轻轻地词尾为ue的形容词,去掉e再加-lytrue→truly真实地词尾为ll的形容词,直接加-yfull→fully充分地dull→dully迟钝地词尾为-ic的形容词,加-allybasic→basically主要地scientific→scientifically合乎科学地厘清两种情况,突破词性转换从句法功用上看,厘清“修饰与被修饰”1.名词在句中作宾语,被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰[例1]Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher________(educate).(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]education[前面有形容词性物主代词her,此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。][例2]SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]development[根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知,此处需要名词。]2.形容词在句中作定语,常放在名词之前[例3]ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)[分析]suddenly→sudden[此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop,表示“突然的停止”。]3.形容词在句中作表语,常放在be,get,become,remain等系动词后[例4]Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn’tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)[分析]freely→free[此处需要用形容词作表语。befreefromthem“摆脱他们”。]4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语,之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5]AsIwalked,Ilookedup,tryingtorealizewhatmadethisdayso________(beauty).[分析]beautiful[使役动词make之后跟复合宾语,用形容词作宾语补足语。]5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)[分析]officially[此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知,应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。]6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]DadandIwereterribleworried.(全国卷Ⅱ)[分析]terrible→terribly[此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。]7.副词用在句首,修饰整个句子,表示状态、原因等[例8]________(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.(广东高考)[分析]Luckily[此处为副词用于句首,表示状态。]8.要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。如amazed常修饰人的内心感受,表示“吃惊的”;amazing常修饰事物,表示“令人吃惊的”。[例9]Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand________(disappoint).(新课标全国卷Ⅱ)[分析]disappointed[disappointed和前面的anxious并列,表示人的内心活动,应使用-ed形式的形容词,此处表示“他们中有些人看起来既焦虑又失望”。]从“词性”变化上看,厘清“词形”的变化特点词形变化是重点,注意特殊形式和变化特点:以-e结尾加-ly,切记true需把-e去;-ble,-ple都是去-e把-y加。另外需注意形副同形词。[例10]Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)[分析]steady→steadily[谓语动词grow是不及物动词,意为“增长,增强”,此处应该使用副词steadily作状语修饰grow。growsteadily意为“稳定地增长”。][例11]Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks________(regular).(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)[分析]regularly[此处需要用副词修饰谓语动词短语“takeshortbreaks”。][例12]Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.(陕西高考)[分析]immediate→immediately[此处修饰“jumpedup”,故应用副词形式。]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Runningischeap,easyandit’salways________(energy).(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)答案energetic[根据句子结构可知,此处应该使用与其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。]2.Atasteformeatis________(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)答案actually[应用副词作状语修饰系动词is。]3.Thisswitchhasdecrea
本文标题:第三讲-词性转换(构词法)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4398332 .html