华莱士-史蒂文斯-Wallace-Stevence

WallaceStevens华莱士·史蒂文斯ByB1201任路路华莱士·史蒂文斯(1879---1955)AmericanModernistPoetAnartistExecutiveforaninsurancecompany01030204LifeWorksInfluenceMasterpieceContent过渡页TransitionPageLifeBorninReading,Pennsylvania1879GraduatedfromtheNewYorkLawschool.1903Afteralongcourtship,theygotmarriedin1909.Inthemeanwhile,heturnedtoinsurrancebusiness1909EducatedatHarvardasaspecialnon-degreestudent.1897AdmittedtotheNewYorkBar,andatthesameyear,hemetElsieViolaKachel,ayoungwomanwhoworkedasasaleswoman.1904LifeBecamethevice-presidentoftheNewYorkofficeoftheEquitableSurveyCompanyofSt.Louis,Missouri.19141924-193219341917Heandhiswifemovedto210FarmingtonAvenue,wherehestayedforthenextsevenyearsandhisfirstbookwaspublished.Heresidedat735FarmingtonAvenuefortheremainderofhislife.BecameVicepresidentofHartfordAccidentandIndemnityCompany.Life1922-194019551955DiedinHartfordonAugust2HewonthePulitzerPrize,andhewasofferedafacultypositonatHarvard,buthedeclinedsinceitwouldhaverequiredhimtogiveuphisvice-presidencyoftheHartford.StevenmadenumerousvisitstoKeyWest,Florida.TheinfluenceoftheKeyWestuponSteven’spoetryisevidentinmanyofthepoems.Home过渡页TransitionPage1835IdeasofOrder《弹蓝色吉他的男人》1937TheManwiththeBlueGuitar1950TheAurorasofAutumn《秋日晨曦》《秩序的思考》1942PartsofaWorld《运输的夏》1947TransporttoSummer1936Owl'sClover《猫头鹰的丁香》《一个世界的部分》ManyofStevens’scriticalessaysareincludedinTheNecessaryAngel《必要的天使》1950TheAurorasofAutumn《秋日极光》1957CollectedPoems《诗集》1954OpusPosthumous(1957)--诗选过渡页TransitionPageHartCranewrotetoafriendin1919,afterreadingsomeofthepoemsthatwouldmakeupHarmonium,Thereisamanwhoseworkmakesmostoftherestofusquail.“ThePoetryFoundationstatesthatbytheearly1950sStevenswasregardedasoneofAmerica'sgreatestcontemporarypoets,anartistwhosepreciseabstractionsexertedsubstantialinfluenceonotherwriters.“Somecritics,likeRandallJarrellandYvorWinters,praisedStevens'earlyworkbutwerecriticalofhismoreabstractandphilosophicallaterpoems.过渡页TransitionPageThoughts&WritingStyle1.Maintopic:therelationshipbetweenrealityandpoetry,natureandimagination2.2kindsofreality:a.Theobjectivereality:theperceptionsbythefivesensesb.Thesubjectivereality:mentalworlddominatedbyimagination(toarrangethechaoticinformationfromthesensualperception)3.Hedonism:thesignificanceontheenjoymentofsensualemotions4.Poetryofstatement:anactoffaithinthesenseof“nothingness”inreality5.Simplelines:anemphasisonvocabularyandimageryratherthanprosody6.Thefaithinpoetry:whennoonebelievesinGod,itisnecessarytobelieveinsomethingelse,suchaspoetry,athingcreatedbyimaginationTheSnowManOnemusthaveamindofwinter若想敬仰松树枝干Toregardthefrostandtheboughs层层为霜雪覆盖，Ofthepine-treecrustedwithsnow;你得具备冬天的头脑。Andhavebeencoldalongtime在寒冷中持久凝视，Tobeholdthejunipers那冰雪蓬松的刺柏松林，Shaggedwithice,那闪烁在远处ThesprucesroughinthedistantglitterOftheJanuarysun;andnottothink腊月阳光下的弥漫云杉。Ofanymiseryinthesoundofthewind,不要去想那风声Inthesoundofafewleaves,和树叶夹带着的凄凉。Whichisthesoundoftheland这声音是风地里的声音，Fullofthesamewind这风是为在空地上的你而吹。Thatisblowinginthesamebareplace.在雪里聆听的人啊，Forthelistener,wholistensinthesnow,听着于己无关的事儿，And,nothinghimself,beholds那儿不存在的东西看见Nothingthatisnotthereandthenothingthatis.眼里只有现存的一片空旷。AppreciationTheSnowManisapoemfromWallaceStevens’sfirstbookofpoetry,Harmonium.Itwasfirstpublishedin1921andisthereforeinthepublicdomain.ThepoemisanexpressionofStevens’perspective,leadingfromarelativelyobjectivedescriptionofawinterscenetoarelativelysubjectiveemotionalresponse(thinkingofmiseryinthesoundofthewind),tothefinalideathatthelistenerandtheworlditselfare“nothing”apartfromtheseperspectives.IplacedajarinTennessee,我把坛子置于田纳西州Androunditwas,uponahill.它是远的，立在小山顶。Itmadetheslovenlywilderness,它使得散乱的荒野，Surroundthathill.都以此小山为中心。Thewildernessroseuptoit,荒野全都向坛子涌来，Andsprawledaround,nolongerwild.俯伏四周，不再荒野。Thejarwasroundupontheground,坛子圆圆的，在地上。Andtallandofaportinair.巍然耸立，风采非凡。Ittookdominioneverywhere.它统领四面八方，Thejarwasgrayandbare.这灰色无花纹的坛子Ididnotgivebirdorbush,它不滋生鸟雀或树丛，LikenothingelseinTennessee.与田纳西的一切都不相同。AnecdoteoftheJar坛子趣闻AnecdoteoftheJar:AMetaphorforHuman’sExistenceinNatureIndustryandtheurbanizationoftheAmericanlandscapehadtakenastrongholdbytheearlytwentiethcentury.Bythe1950sand1960s,technologyformedtheAmericanwayoflife.Theunionofman’stechnologicalinventionswithanAmericanwildernessismetaphoricallyrepresentedinAnecdoteoftheJar.Thepoemcontainsamodernpastoralthemetocreateanexistenceofharmonysurroundingman’sattempttoorderwildernessagainstnature’scyclicalandincessantpattern.Tennesseewilderness,wherethenarratorplacesthejar,isanuncorruptedbutslovenlynature.Civilization,orartcreatedbymaniscomposedwithinthejar,man’smanipulationofthenatureelements.Thejarofcivilizationwhenplacedinunadulteratednature“madetheslovenly,thewildernesssurroundthathill”.Itmadethewildernessnolongerwildandthereforeinhabitableforhumankind’spastoralvision.宾夕法尼亚州PennsylvaniaBack宾夕法尼亚夜景BackBackBack