中考复习――如何区分宾语从句和状语从句

如何区分宾语从句和状语从句？南师附中新城初中宋晴瑛一、考查宾语从句的引导词。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that可以省略。例：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.宾语从句：在句中作及物动词，介词或形容词的宾语。2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。例：（1）【淮安09】Myfatheroftentellsme_____togetalongwithmyclassmates.A.whoB.whereC.howD.whatC3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhelivesthere.注意：宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导，用whetherornot表示“是否”如：我将会问他是否能来。（2）Canyoutellme_____theNo.3busstopis?A.whoB.whereC.whatD.howBIwillaskhimwhetherhecancomeornot.二.考查宾语从句的语序:在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。例：Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.•【常州09】—Thelightinhisroomisstillon.Doyouknow____________?•—Inordertoprepareforthecomingexam.•A.ifheworkshard•B.whyhestaysupsolate•C.whyishesobusy•D.whenhewillstopworkingB【连云港09】—Canyoutellme_______forthe60thChinaNationalDay?--Awonderfulparade.A.whatisgoingtobeheldB.whoisgoingtobeinvitedC.howmuchmoneywillberaisedD.howlongwillitlastA三.考查宾语从句的时态1.如主句的时态是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况选择各种时态。（主现从不限）如：Millietellsmesheboughtthispurseyesterday.2.如主句的时态是一般过去时，从句则用相应的过去时态。（主过从四过）如：Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeetingatthattime.3.如宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时。如：Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.【常州09】WhenIwasyoung,mygrandfathertoldmethatthesun(rise)intheeast.rises状语从句：用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。一、引导词的选择：状语从句类型常用连接词时间状语从句when,while,as,since,before,after,assoonas,until,till条件状语从句If,unless原因状语从句because,since,as,让步状语从句though,although结果状语从句sothat,so…that,such…that二、状语从句与主句的时态问题1.时间状语从句、条件状语从句与主句的时态不一致。(主句用将来时，而时间、条件状语从句用一般现在时)Ifit___________(notrain)tomorrow,we__________(go)toclimbthehill.He______________(become)asoldierwhenhe______(grow)up.2.since引导的时间状语从句。Itis+时间+since+一般过去时It_____(be)tenyearssincewe________(leave)thatcity.doesn’trainwillgowillbecomegrowsisleft3.由when、while引导的时间状语从句的时态：主句(过去进行时)+when+从句(一般过去时)主句(一般过去时)+when+从句(过去进行时)主句(一般过去时)+while+从句(过去进行时)主句(过去进行时)+while+从句(过去进行时)注意：看动词为短暂性动词用一般过去时，动词为延续性动词则用过去进行时。Mother_____________(cook)supperwhenI_________(get)homeyesterday.【常州09】John___________(chat)withhissonwhilehiswifewascookinginthekitchen.wascookinggotwaschatting4.由when、after、before、bythetime引导的时间状语从句的时态：主、从句的谓语动作都已完成，则先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。Whenthey_______(get)tothecinemalastnight,thefilm_____________(start).I_________(go)outwithmyfriendsafterI______________(finish)allthehomeworklastnight.gothadstartedwenthadfinished