内隐和外显记忆的遗忘特点

:2001-03-04(,200062),,,:061517,,15,,,,,B842131Ebbinghaus(1885),,100,(1922),,,Ebbinghaus:,,,RubinWenzel[1,2],,,,,,()(),,,,,,,,,,Jaco2byDallas(1981,5)[3],,01524(015,017301720167),,24Tulving,SchacterStark[4],,,,Slo2man[5],(5),,,2002,34(1):2935ActaPsychologicaSinica291,Roedi2ger(1992)MitchellBrown(1988),McAn2drewsMoscovitch(1990),,,[6],,,3:(1),;(2);(3),,[5,7],Graf,SquireMandler(1984,2),15,,120,15Squire,ShimamuraGraf(1987,2),,4ChenSquire(1990),0224,2,24[6]Dorf2man(1995),,GrafMandler(1984)2,,[7],23,(RubinWenzel,19965),:5%15%,100%25%50%,100%,,,,:,,,,McBrideDosher[7],,1-90,,15,,,,:,,,,,,,2Jacoby[8],Jacoby,:(recollection)(au2tomaticity),,,,,,Jacoby:,,[9]3034,,,,,Gruppuso,LindsayKelley[10]Gruppuso,,,,,Buchner,ErdfelderVaterrodt-Plunnecke[11],(re2sponsebias),,,,,,(extendedmodel),,,,,Buchner,[9],GruppusoBuchner,,,R,A,Pli,,Ple,,gR=Pli-PleA=Ple1-R-g1-g,,,,,,21128,1821,110212(,1990)3340100007701000288,720,20%,,,1586,C213251(),,()()2()-,5,0615172143,,(),(),(3cm3cm,315,,)(),,Z,,/,9,9,1,04(),10090,,1:31,5303030,1(,),:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,4,,1:16211757169V101413116;16616258109V111123110;16410660156V101853101)3115()PliPlegPliPleg001636013170113601764012570101960159701364012020169501333010481501571013660120001661013970106010153601369012330156401331011027015020143801331015210133301143:Pli,;Ple,;g,,22(MSD)00131901114015070109660123301162013620109815012050112901264010511011670111401233010907010640107301188010800013810110201512010966013420106001500010591501326010760151001060101274010570136701075701205010950131201070,(r=01103,df=140,p0105,),,2()5()MANOVA(0101),,F(4,104)=31168,p01001;,F(1,26)=31116,p01001;,F(2,104)=1187,p0105,5,Dunn323433506m15m1h7d06m15m1h7d06315333133373333333:3()2()5()MANOVA,,F(4,104)=33127,p01001;,,F(1,26)=105144,p01001;,F(2,104)=1161,p0105,5,Dunn44506m15m1h7d06m15m1h7d06151333337333333330(0),,7,,p010017,t(13)=2181,p0101,222424,,,2,34,15,,0615,;,0615,,,McBrideDosher[7],,,,,,,1:33[12],,,,,7,,,,,,,,,7,?,,,,,,,Gruppuso,LindsayKelley[10],McBrideDosher[7],::,,,,,,,,,0157,1RubinDC,WenzelAE1Onehundredyearsofforgetting:Aquantitatvedescriptionofretention1PsychologicalReview,1996,103:7347602RubinDC,HintonS,WenzelAE1Theprecisetimecourseofre2tention1JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,1999,25(5):116111763JacobyLL,DallasM1Ontherelationshipbetweenautobiograph2icalmemoryandperceptuallearning1JournalofExperimentalPsy2chology:General,1981,110:3063404TulvingE,SchacterDL,StarkHA1Primingeffectsinwordfragmentcompletionareindependentofrecognitionmemory1JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCog2nition,1982,8:3363425SlomanSA,HaymanCAG,OhtaN,LawJ,TulvingE1For2gettinginprimedfragmentcompletion1JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,MemoryandCognition,1988,14:2232396RoedigerHL,McDermottKB1Implicitmemoryinnormalsub2jects1In:BollerF,GrafmanJeds1HandbookofNeuropsycho2logy1Vol181Amsterdam:Elsevier,19931631317McBrideDM,DosherBA1Acomparisonofforgettinginanim2plicitandexplicitmemorytask1JournalofExperimentalPsycholo2gy:General,1997,126(4):3713928JacobyLL1Aprocessdissociationframework:separatingauto2maticfromintentionalusesofmemory1JournalofMemoryandLanguage,1991,30:5135419YangZ,GuoLetal1PsychologyofMemory(inChinese)1Shanghai:EastChinaNormalUniversityPress,19991197441(,1()1,19991197441)10GruppusoV,LindsayDS,KelleyCM1Theprocess-dissocia2tionprocedureandsimilarity:Definingandestimatingrecollectionandfamiliarityinrecognitionmemory1JournalofExperimentalPsychology:Learning,Memory,andCognition,1997,23(2):25927811BuchnerA,ErdfelderE,Vaterrodt-PlunneckeB1Towardunbi2asedmeasurementofconsciousandunconsciousmemoryprocesseswithintheprocessdissociationframework1JournalofExperimen2talPsychology:General,1995,124:13716012BuchnerA,WippichW1Onthereliabilityofimplicitandexplicitmemorymeasures1CognitivePsychology,2000,40:2272593434ANEXPERIMENTONFORGETTINGOFIMPLICITANDEXPLICITMEMORYGuoLiping(DepartmentofEarlyChildhoodEducation,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200062)AbstractAccordingtotheexperimentaldissociationparadigm,employingprocessdissociationprocedure,anexperimentwasdesignedtoinvestigatetheforgettingcharactersofimplicitandexplicitmemorythroughcomparingthedelayedperformanceofthetwoprocessingmechanismsofrecognition1Theresultsshowedthatautomaticityandrecollectionfunctionallydifferedfromeachotherduringthedelaysof0,6minutes,15minutes,1hoursand7days1Especiallyfrom0to15minutes,recollectiondeclinedsignificantly,whereasautomaticitydeclinedunsignificantly1Itimpliedthatimplicitmemoryandexplicitmemoryhavedifferentforgettingcharacters1Theresultsalsoshowedthattheeffectsofprocessinglevelonautomaticityandrecollectionperformanceweredifferent1Keywordsimplicitmemory,explicitmemory,forgetting11:35