Ode to a Nightingale详细赏析

OdetoaNightingale-JohnKeatsQuestions♬Doesthispoemexpressonlythespeaker'srapturewhenhelistenstothewonderfulsongsofthenighingale?♬WhatisKeats'sviewofrealityandfantasyasisrevealedinthepoem?♬Whatishisaestheticaimofthepoetry?BackgroundOfKeats'ssixmajorodesof1819,OdetoPsychewasprobablywrittenfirstandToAutumnwrittenlast.Sometimebetweenthesetwo,hewroteOdetoaNightingale.TheexactdateofitisunknownasKeatsdatedas“May1819”.ItisbasedonweatherconditionsandsimilaritiesbetweenimagesinthepoemandthoseinalettersenttoFannyBrawneonMayDay.BackgroundKeatsfinishedtheOdeinjustonemorning,inBrawne'sdescriptionreads:Inthespringof1819anightingalehadbuilthernestnearmyhouse.Keatsfeltatranquilandcontinualjoyinhersong;andonemorninghetookhischairfromthebreakfast-tabletothegrass-plotunderaplum-tree,wherehesatfortwoorthreehours.Whenhecameintothehouse,Iperceivedhehadsomescrapsofpaperinhishand,andthesehewasquietlythrustingbehindthebooks.Oninquiry,Ifoundthosescraps,fourorfiveinnumber,containedhispoeticfeelingsonthesongofthenightingale.DominantthoughtsinKeats’Odes1,natureisbeautiful2,therealmsofartandpoetryarewonderful3,thehumansocietycontainsinescapablemiseryDominantthoughtsinKeats’OdesTheartisticaiminhispoetrywasalwaystocreateabeautifulworldofimaginationasopposedtothesordidrealityofhisday.Hesoughttoexpressbeautyinallofhispoems.Hispoetryisdistinguishedbysensuousnessandtheperfectionofform.Keatshasalwaysbeenknownasasensuouspoet.Hisabilitytoappealtothesensesthroughlanguageisvirtuallyunrivaled.StanzaIMyheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspainsMysense,asthoughofhemlock1Ihaddrunk,Oremptiedsomedullopiate2tothedrains3Oneminutepast4,andLethe5-wardshadsunk:'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness--Thatthou,lightwingedDryad6ofthetrees,Insomemelodiousplot7Ofbeechen8green,andshadowsnumberless9,Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease101，poison2，opium3，quaff,bottomup4，ago5，ariverinHadeswhosewaterscausedrinkerstoforgettheirpast6，woodnymph,referstonightingale7，wherenightingalesings8，beech：山毛榉树9，numberlessshadows：10，singfreelyIntertwineofthetwoimagesThepoetfallsintoareveriewhilelisteningtoanactualnightingalesing.Hefeelsjoyandpain,anambivalentresponse.Pleasurecanbesointensethatparadoxicallyiteithernumbshimorcausespain.raptureofthenightingaleforlornoftherealityStanzaIIO,foradraughtofvintage11!thathathbeenCool'dalongageinthedeep-delved12earth,TastingofFlora13andthecountrygreen,Dance,andProvencalsong14,andsunburntmirth15!OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth16Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene17,Withbeadedbubbles18winkingatthebrim,Andpurple-stainedmouth,ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,Andwiththeefade19awayintotheforestdim20.11,wishforwine12,digdeep13,flowergoddess,fragrance14,lovesong15,collocativeclash:themirthofthesunburntpeople16,metonymy:thewineinSouth17,afountainonMountHeliconsacredtotheMusesandbelievedtobeasourceofpoeticinspiration,referstowine18,aliteration:bead-likebubbles19,todisappeargradually20,rhyme,dimforestWantingtoescapefromthepainofajoy-painreality,thepoetbeginstomoveintoaworldofimaginationorfantasy.Helongsforwine.Thedescriptionofdrinkingandoftheworldassociatedwithwineisidealized,withtheimagesassociatingthewinewithsummer,countrypleasureandromanticprovence.StanzaIIIFadefaraway,dissolve21,andquiteforgetWhatthouamongsttheleaveshastneverknown,Theweariness,thefever,andthefretHere,wheremensitandheareachothergroan22;Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgreyhairs.Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin23,anddies;WherenuttothinkistobefullofsorrowAndleaden-eyed24despairs;WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrous25eyes,OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow26.21、disappear22、moanduetopain23、skinnyasaghost24、notlively,dulleyes25、radiant26、hyperbole:themrefersto“herlustrouseyes”,thenewlovecannotbeforever.Thepoetusestheword“fade”inthelastlineofstanzaIIandinthefirstlineofthisstanzatotiethestanzastogetherandtomoveeasilyintohisnextthought.Hisawarenessoftherealworldpullshimbackfromtheimaginedworldofdrink-joy.StanzaIVAway!away!forIwillflytothee,Notcharioted27byBacchus28andhispards29,Butontheviewless30wingsofPoesy31,Thoughthedullbrainperplexes32andretards.Alreadywiththee!tender33isthenight,AndhaplytheQueen-Moonisonherthrone,ClusteredaroundbyallherstarryFays34;Butherethereisnolight,SavewhatfromheaveniswiththebreezesblownThroughverdurous35gloomsandwindingmossyways.27,statecarriage28,theGreekgodofwine29,middleEnglishforleopards,referstotheleopardcatthatdragsthewinegod.30,notperceivable,thesoarofpoetryisbeyondcommonpeople31,poeticfancy32,toconfuse33,showingaffectionandlove34,fairies35,healthandvigorThepoetsuddenlycriesoutAway!away!forIwillflytothee.Heturnstofantasyagain;herejectswineinline2,andinline3heannouncesheisgoingtousetheviewlesswingsofPoesytojoinafantasybird.Hecontraststhismodeofexperience(poetry)tothedullbrainthatperplexesandretards(line4).Inline5,hesucceedsorseemstosucceedinjoiningthebird.Theimaginedworlddescribedintherestofthestanzaisdark.StanzaVIcannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet,Norwhatsoftincense36hangsupontheboughs,But,inembalmed37darkness,guesseachsweetWherewiththeseasonablemon