method-xin

2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting1Lecture9MethodSectioninAcademicWriting2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting21.Featuresinmethodsection2.Languagefocus3.Flowsofideas2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting31.FeaturesinmethodsectionAccordingtoyourreadingandwritingexperience,whatcanbeincludedinthemethodsection?2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting41.FeaturesinmethodsectionAsforcontent,canwefind…•problems•mattersofdiscussion•questionsofchoice•evidenceoffailure•statementsofrationaleCanwefind…?2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting51.FeaturesinmethodsectionDiscussion:Whatcanbeincludedinthesepapers?ExperimentalpaperModellingpaperComputationalpaper2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting61.FeaturesinmethodsectionDiscussion:Whatcanbeincludedinthesepapers?ExperimentalpaperEquipmentMaterialsMethod•2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting71.FeaturesinmethodsectionModellingpaperassumptionsmathematicaltoolsmethod2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting81.FeaturesinmethodsectionComputationalpaperinputscomputationaltoolsmethod2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting91.FeaturesinmethodsectionProvidesadescriptionofmaterialequipmentmethodsusedintheresearch2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting101.Featuresinmethodsection•Writewhatyoudidsuccinctly•Explainwhatisespeciallydifferentaboutyourmethod.•Givesufficientdetailthatthereadercanreproducewhatyoudid.•Keeptheresultsforthenextsection•Use“we”butdososparingly2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting111.Featuresinmethodsection•Oneoftheprinciplesofsciencethatapapershouldcontainsufficientdetailtoallowtheworktoberepeatedbysomeoneelse2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting121.Featuresinmethodsection1.Whatisincludedinthemethodsection?2.Findsomelinguisticdeviceswhichyouthinkareimportantinmakingthesectioncohesiveandcoherent.2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting131.Featuresinmethodsection–Task1Totestthehypothesis,15researcharticlesinthebiologicalscienceswererandomlyselectedfromtheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica76(79).Eachoftheselectedarticleshadbeendividedbytheauthorsintotheabove-mentionedfoursections.Thenumberofauthorsperarticlerangedfromtwotofour,andnoauthorappearedtwiceinthecorpus.Thecorpuscontained39,578words,andtheaveragelengthofthearticleswas2639words(SR=499).(West,1980:484,TESOLQuarterly)2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting141.Featuresinmethodsection–Task1Totestthehypothesis,15researcharticlesinthebiologicalscienceswererandomlyselectedfromtheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica76(79).Eachoftheselectedarticleshadbeendividedbytheauthorsintotheabove-mentionedfoursections.Thenumberofauthorsperarticlerangedfromtwotofour,andnoauthorappearedtwiceinthecorpus.thecorpuscontained39,578words,andtheaveragelengthofthearticleswas2639words(SR=499).Totestthehypothesis15researcharticleswererandomlyselectedEachoftheselectedarticlesperarticlethearticlesThecorpusthecorpusauthorThenumberofauthorstheauthorstheabove-mentionedfoursections2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting151.Featuresinmethodsection–Task1•acarefulstep-by-stepdescriptionsupportedbyanaphoric（首语重复）referencelexicalrepetition•producethekindofexplicitnessthatweassociatewithacademicwriting2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting161.Featuresinmethodsection1.Whatisincludedinthemethodsection?2.Findsomelinguisticdeviceswhichyouthinkareimportantinmakingthesectioncohesiveandcoherent.2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting171.Featuresinmethodsection–Task2MethodsforanalysisandfunctionalpropertiesThestandardAOACmethods(AOAC,1975)wereusedforthedeterminationoftotalsolids,nitrogen,crudefat,ashandvitaminC.TotalsugarsweredeterminedbythemethodofPotteretal.(1968)andthetotalcarbohydrates(intermsofglucose)wereassayedaccordingtotheprocedureofDuboisetal.(1956).ThemethodofKohlerandPatten(1967)wasfollowedfordeterminingaminoacidcomposition.(Knorr-Cetina,1981:167)2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting181.Featuresinmethodsection–Task2MethodsforanalysisandfunctionalpropertiesThestandardAOACmethods(AOAC,1975)wereusedforthedeterminationoftotalsolids,nitrogen,crudefat,ashandvitaminC.TotalsugarsweredeterminedbythemethodofPotteretal.(1968)andthetotalcarbohydrates(intermsofglucose)wereassayed(化验)accordingtotheprocedureofDuboisetal.(1956).ThemethodofKohlerandPatten(1967)wasfollowedfordeterminingaminoacidcomposition.(Knorr-Cetina,1981:167)2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting191.Featuresinmethodsection–Task2•abaldPasttensenarrative•usepassive•donotusereportingverbs(reportingstyle)2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting201.Featuresinmethodsection•offersadescription,constitutedbywhatisnotatstakeintheresearch(suchasthebrandnamesofdevices,ortheoriginsofatechnique)•highlyabstractedreformulationsoffinaloutcomesinwhichanenormousamountistakenforgranted•permitreplication2011-4-26MethodSectioninAcademicWriting211.Featuresinmethodsection--Task3HeavybeefheartmitochondriawerepreparedbythemethodofWongandstoredinliquidnitrogen.WellcoupledmitochondrialparticleswerepreparedbyamodificationoftheprocedureofMadden.These