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FrenchcolonialempireWhatiscolony?殖民地(旧称植民地)是指由宗主国统治,没有政治、经济、军事和外交方面的独立权利,完全受宗主国控制的地区。Inpoliticsandhistory,acolonyisaterritoryundertheimmediatepoliticalcontrolofastate,distinctfromthehometerritoryofthesovereign.这里我把英语网站发给你,术语太多,有点复杂在19至20世纪初,它成为了仅次大英帝国的第二大殖民帝国。FirstFrenchcolonialempire法国第一殖民帝国•1605-1814SecondFrenchcolonialempire法国第二殖民帝国•after1830background•16世纪,随着航海家韦拉扎诺及卡蒂亚开拓了航线后,法国渔民便开始在纽芬兰一带航行,这样就揭开了法兰西殖民地扩张的序幕backgroundsExcursionsofGiovannidaVerrazzanoandJacquesCartierintheearly16thcentury,aswellasthefrequentvoyagesofFrenchboatsandfishermentotheGrandBanksoffNewfoundlandthroughoutthatcentury,weretheprecursorstothestoryofFrance'scolonialexpansion.Inthemiddleofthe18thcentury,aseriesofcolonialconflictsbeganbetweenFranceandBritain,whichultimatelyresultedinthedestructionofmostofthefirstFrenchcolonialempireandthenearcompleteexpulsionofFrancefromtheAmericas.ThesewarsweretheWaroftheAustrianSuccession(1744–1748),theSevenYears'War(1756–1763),theWaroftheAmericanRevolution(1778–1783),theFrenchRevolutionaryWars(1793–1802)andtheNapoleonicWars(1803–1815).ThiscyclicconflictisknownastheSecondHundredYears'War.西班牙在北美一带的垄断,以及法国在一系列战争中失利所造成的损失,都使得法国有必要建立殖民地帝国。TheFrenchcolonialempireintheAmericascomprisedNewFrance(includingCanadaandLouisiana),FrenchWestIndies(includingSaint-Domingue,Guadeloupe,Martinique,St.Lucia,Tobagoandotherislands)andFrenchGuyana.InSenegalinWestAfrica,theFrenchbegantoestablishtradingpostsalongthecoastin1624.In1664,theFrenchEastIndiaCompanywasestablishedtocompetefortradeintheeast.WiththedecayoftheOttomanEmpire,in1830theFrenchseizedAlgiers,thusbeginningthecolonizationofFrenchNorthAfrica.第二次世界大战期间,法兰西殖民帝国逐渐分解,当中大部份都为他国所占领(如日本占领印度支那,英国占据了叙利亚、黎巴嫩及马达加斯加,英美联合占有摩洛哥及阿尔及利亚,德国抢夺了突尼斯)。但不久后,由戴高乐重新控制这些地方。第二次世界大战结束后,尽管法国是战胜国,然而这无法掩饰法国国力衰退的事实,而在法国各殖民地兴起的非殖民地化运动浪潮影响,纷纷走向独立建国之路,这使得法国的殖民帝国面临严重挑战,虽然法国试图尝试继续维持殖民地的统治,但各地反抗独立力量,已非法国所能对付,如越南在胡志明的领导下经过9年奋战,最终摆脱法国的统治,建立越南社会主义共和国;而北非的阿尔及利亚在经过8年的反抗后取得独立。此外,其他受到非殖民地化运动影响的法属非洲也有很多从法国殖民地中独立,而这些殖民地也得以立于万国之林。看懂hou这部分简述就可以了吧,AnimatedmapshowingthegrowthanddeclineoftheFirstandSecondFrenchcolonialempires.HowMoroccobecameaFrenchcolony4.InMarch1956theFrenchprotectoratewasendedandMoroccoregaineditsindependencefromFranceandSpainastheKingdomofMorocco.1.FranceshowedastronginterestinMoroccoasearlyas1830.2.In1904FranceandSpaincarvedoutzonesofinfluenceinMorocco.3.The1912TreatyofFezmadeMoroccoaprotectorateofFrance.Marrakech://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_colonial_empire#Second_French_colonial_empire_.28after_1830.29
本文标题:FRENCH-COLONY-法国殖民
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