英国议会制辩论规则和辩题

IDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateRulesIDEA议会制四队辩论赛规则TherulesofIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebateareintendedtocloselyfollowthoseoftheWorldsUniversitiesDebatingChampionships(WUDC).TheydifferinsomeplacestoprovidetournamentdirectorsoptionsofdeviatingfromtheWUDCruleswhentheyneedtodoso.IDEA议会制四队辩论赛谨遵循世界大专辩论赛（WUDC）的规则。两者略有不同之处，以便比赛主办方根据需要灵活操作。TheTeamsandMotionsTheteamssupportingthemotionintheIDEAFour-TeamParliamentaryDebatearereferredtoastheProposition.TheteamsarguingagainstthemotionareknownastheOppositionteams.A“motion”isthestatementaroundwhichthedebatetakesplace.ThemotiondividesthegroundinthedebatebetweenthePropositionandOppositionteamsandshouldallowforreasonableargumentsbothforandagainst.Ordinarily,motionsareannouncedshortlybeforeeachdebatebegins.Adifferentmotionwillbeusedforeachdebateandwillbepresentedtothedebatersataspecifiedtime,usuallyfifteentothirtyminutespriortothedebate.Insomesituationsgeneraltopicareas(forexample“environment”or“internationalrelations”)orevenspecificmotionsthemselvesmaybeannouncedpriortothetournament.参赛队伍及辩题在IDEA议会制四队辩论赛中，支持辩题的队伍为“正方”，反对辩题的队伍为“反方”。“辩题”，即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方，且双方均有合理辩论的余地。通常，辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布；每轮辩题均不相同。有时，辩题范围（如“环境问题”，“国际关系”等）甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。Themotionwillbeannouncedtoalldebaterssimultaneouslyinacentrallocation.Preparationtimewillbebetweenfifteenandthirtyminutes,atthediscretionofthetournamentdirector.Ingeneral,debatersmayconferwiththeirdebatepartnerduringpreparationtime.Insomecases,aTournamentDirectormayallowdebaterstoconferwiththeircoachortutor.Duringthistimethedebatersmayconsultanywrittenmaterials.TherulesoftheWorldUniversitiesDebatingChampionshipspermitdebaterstoaccessanywrittenmaterialduringthedebate;othertournamentspermitthedebaterstoaccessonlythenotestheymadeinpreparationtime.Electronicretrievaldevicestypicallyarenotallowedduringpreparation,thoughelectronicdictionariestypicallyarepermittedforsecond-languagespeakers.辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分钟，由大赛主办方规定。通常，辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨论。某些情况下，主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间，辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料；而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的资料。准备期间，通常可以使用电子词典，但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。TheDebateFormatFourteamsparticipateineachdebate:twoonthePropositionandtwoontheOpposition.Eachteamworksindependentlytoeithersupportoropposethemotion.Eachteamismadeupoftwospeakers;eachspeakerwillpresentaspeechnottoexceed7minutesintheorderprescribedbelow.辩论模式每场辩论由四队参加：正方两队，反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手，每位辩手按如下顺序陈词，不超过7分钟。SummaryoftheDebateFormatTeamCommonTitlesforSpeakerTime1stProposition,1stSpeaker“PrimeMinister”7minutes1stOpposition,1stSpeaker“LeaderoftheOpposition”7minutes1stProposition,2ndSpeaker“DeputyPrimeMinister7minutes1stOpposition,2ndSpeaker“DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition”7minutes2ndProposition,1stSpeaker“MemberfortheGovernment”7minutes2ndOpposition,1stSpeaker“MemberfortheOpposition”7minutes2ndProposition,2ndSpeaker“GovernmentWhip”7minutes2ndOpposition,2ndSpeaker“OppositionWhip7minutes辩论模式简要辩手辩手名称时间正方一队，一辩首相PrimeMinister7分钟反方一队，一辩反对党领袖LeaderoftheOpposition7分钟正方一队，二辩副首相DeputyPrimeMinister7分钟反方一队，二辩反对党副领袖DeputyLeaderoftheOpposition7分钟正方二队，一辩内阁成员MemberfortheGovernment7分钟反方二队，一辩反对党成员MemberfortheOpposition7分钟正方二队，二辩内阁党鞭陈词GovernmentWhip7分钟反方二队，二辩反对党党鞭陈词OppositionWhip7分钟ParliamentaryPointsofInformationDebatersmayofferapointofinformation(eitherverballyorbyrising)atanytimeafterthefirstminute,andbeforethelastminute,ofanyspeech.Thedebaterholdingthefloormayacceptorrefusepointsofinformation.Ifaccepted,thedebatermakingtherequesthasfifteensecondspresentthepointofinformation.Duringthepointofinformation,thespeakingtimeofthefloordebatercontinues.Ifaccepted,thedebaterofferingthepointofinformationisallowedtoaskaquestion,offerabriefargument,orofferabriefrefutationofsomepoint.Thedebaterwhoacceptedthepointofinformationshouldrespondtothepointimmediately.Nootherparliamentarypointssuchaspointsoforderorpointsofpersonalprivilegeareallowed.议会制辩论质询在所有陈词中，除第一分钟及最后一分钟外，辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被接受，质询者有15秒的时间陈述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在陈词时间内。如质询被接受，质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。SpeakerRolesandSpeechPurposesEachspeakerhasaroleandeachspeechshouldhaveapurpose.Thedescriptionsofspeakerrolesandspeechpurposeslistedbelowaresuggestiveandarenotintendedtobeexhaustiveorexclusive.Forreasonsthatvaryfromdebatetodebate,speakersmaysometimesneedtofulfillrolesnotmentionedhereandspeechesmaybeconstructedtoserveotherpurposesaslongaspropositionspeakersaffirmthepropositionandoppositionspeakersopposeit.Debaterswillbejudgedontheoverallstrengthofeachteam’sarguments,notsimplyonwhetherornottheyfulfilledtherolesandresponsibilitieslistedinthetablebelow.Allspeakers,exceptthefinalspeakersforthepropositionandopposition(PropositionandOppositionWhips),shouldintroducenewmaterialintothedebate.Alldebaters,excepttheopeningspeaker(PrimeMinister),shouldengageinrefutation.SummaryofSpeakerRolesandResponsibilitiesTeamSpeakerRolesandResponsibilitiesFirstProposition“PrimeMinister”TheprimaryroleofFirstPropositionteam,initiatedinthisspeech,istoestablishthefoundationformeaningfuldebateonthemotion.ThePrimeMinister’srespo