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花生收获机设计目录摘要......................................................................1ABSTRACT..................................................................2第一章绪论...............................................................41.1研究的目的和意义.....................................................41.1.1中国花生生产现状...................................................41.1.2中国花生的种植方式.................................................51.1.3花生生产机械化现状.................................................61.2研究目标与内容.......................................................7第二章振动筛式花生收获装置的设计原理.....................................82.1设计依据.............................................................82.2设计方案的选择与分析.................................................92.3总体设计简介.........................................................92.4作业原理.............................................................9第三章主要参数确定与关键部件设计........................................103.1主要参数确定.........................................................103.1.1花生收获机的功率计算...............................................103.1.2挖掘铲主要参数的确定...............................................113.1.3带轮及带的主要参数确定.............................................153.1.4平行连杆机构的主要参数及行走轮的设定...............................163.1.5轴的校核...........................................................173.2总体装配.............................................................20第四章结语.............................................................21参考文献.................................................................22致谢.....................................................................23摘要花生不仅是优质油料作物,而且是主要的蛋白资源,加工品类多,产业链条长,现已成为中国重要的出口创汇产品和农业结构调整重点发展和扶持的种植品种。在消费结构和出口结构不断调整振动筛式花生收获机的设计 2 和优化的双重拉动下,花生生产得到长足发展,并逐渐向主产区相对集中,优势产业带基本形成。但是中国花生生产机械化发展却严重滞后,特别是用工量占生产全过程1/3以上、作业成本占生产总成本50%以上的收获作业,目前主要依靠人工完成,劳动强度大、作业成本高、效率低、损失大、成本高已成为生产发展与产业成长的主要瓶颈,国内对花生机械化收获技术装备的需求日趋迫切。. 设计了振动筛式花生收获机的总体结构、工作原理、技术特点以及关键部件结构与工作参数设计等。该设备主要由挖掘铲、振动筛、行走轮、动力传动装置及机架等组成,与 11~13.2kw 拖拉机配套使用,一次完成两行花生收获,挖出来的花生秧被传送到振动筛上,经过振动筛的振动去除挖掘出的花生所带有的泥土,最后通过输送板实现花生秧一侧倒伏的工作原理。该机具有作业顺畅、运行可靠、清土率高、损失率低等特点,纯生产率达 0.1 hm 2 /h。关键词:振动筛,收获机,机械化,花生 Abstract Peanut oil is not only a highquality, and is the main protein resources, processing category, and industry chain length, has become China's important export products and focus on the development of agricultural restructuring and support the cultivation of varieties. In the consumption structure and exportstructure adjustment and optimization of dualdrive, the rapid development of peanut production, and gradually the relative concentration of the main producing areas, with the basic formation of competitive industries. However, peanut production mechanization in China are seriously lagging behind, especially in the whole process of production and employment accounts for 1 / 3 of the above, operating costs account for the production of more than 50% of the total cost of harvesting operations, mainly rely on manual completion of the current, laborintensive, operating costs are high, low efficiency, loss, and the high cost of development and production has become a major bottleneck in the growth of industry, mechanization of domestic peanut harvest technology and equipment needs of the increasingly urgent. Introduced a shakerstyle peanut harvester of the overall structure, working principle and technical characteristics of the key components of the structure and design operating parameters. The device mainly by the mining shovel, vibration screen, vibrationdrive components, running wheel, power transmission and chassis components, etc., and 11 ~ 13.2kw supporting the use of tractors, two lines of a complete peanut harvesting, dug out the peanut seedling was sent to the shaker, after the vibration shaker to remove excavated soil associated with the peanut, and finally through the transportation board to achievethe side of peanut seedling lodging works. It has a smooth operation, reliable operation, high rate of land clearance, and low loss ratio, net productivity of 0.1 hm 2 / h. Keywords: vibrating screen, harvesting machines, mechanization, peanuts.振动筛式花生收获机的设计 4 第一章绪论1.1研究的目的和意义花生不仅是优质油料作物,而且是主要的蛋白资源,加工品类多,产业链条长,现已成为中国重要的出口创汇产品和农业结构调整重点发展和扶持的种植品种。在消费结构和出口结构不断调整和优化的双重拉动下,花生生产得到长足发展,并逐渐向主产区相对集中,优势产业带基本形成。但是中国花生生产机械化发展却严重滞后,特别是用工量占生产全过程1/3以上、作业成本占生产总成本50%以上的收获作业,目前主要依靠人工完成,劳动强度大、作业成本高、效率低、损失大、成本高已成为生产发展与产业成长的主要瓶颈,国内对花生机械化收获技术装备的需求日趋迫切。发达国家对花生收获技术与装备的研究开发,起步早、投入大、发展快,早已实现了专用化、标准化和系列化。中国对花生机械化收获的研制虽较早,但发展十分缓慢,近年来,随着花生收获机械市场需求的不断趋旺,花生收获机械的研究开发进入了一个新的发展时期。可实现挖掘、清土、铺放功能的花生收获机,具有无需自带动力、结构简单、价格低廉、使用成本低等特点,较适合现阶段中国农村经济条件,具有较好的市场需求。但是长期以来,由于对花生机械化收获技术缺乏深入系统的研究,壅土阻塞、秧蔓缠绕、适应性差、损失率高等机械化收获中存在的技术难题始终未能得到很好解决。花生的种植历史悠久,地域广阔,是国际公认的半干旱作物,是世界上广泛栽培的主要油料和经济作物,同时也是主要的创汇农产品之一。花生以它独有的优势,在世界油料生产和国际贸易中仅次于大豆而居第二位,在亚洲、非洲、澳洲及南北美洲的绝大多数国家和地区均有花生的种植和生产,其中,中国是世界上主要的花生生产国和花生消费国,同时也是最大的花生出口国。据联合国粮农组织统计数字表明,世界花生种植面积由20世纪60年代的1.66×10 8 hm 2 增至20世纪70年代的1.87×10 8 hm 2 ,并呈上升趋势。随着花生栽培技术的不断提高,花生总产也在不断提高,世界花生年总产量20世纪60年代为1.05×10 10 kg,1988年则增加至 2.25×10 10 kg,创花生生产量纪录。 1.1.
本文标题:花生收获机设计
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