新概念英语语法精粹

NCE新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewconceptEnglishGrammar第一章英语动词时态Tenses英语时态是英语语法中的第一首难关，攻下此难关是作文、阅读、口语之关键。汉语用不同词表达相应时态，而英语用同一词的不同变化形式表达时态。一、英语各种时态构成表：以play为例：一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在playishashasplaysamplayinghaveplayedhavebeenplayingare过去playedwashadplayedhadbeenplayingwereplaying将来shallshallshallshallwillplaywillbeplayingwillhaveplayedwillhavebeenplaying过去shouldshouldshouldshould将来wouldplaywouldbeplayingwouldhaveplayedwouldhavebeenplaying二、一般现在时：1.构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。(1)直接加“s”，works,takes(2)以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”,再加“es”carry→carries(3)以“o,s,x,ch,sh”结尾的动词加“es”goesdresseswatchesbrushes2.功能：(1)表现在的事实、状态或动作：eg：.Birdsfly..Shelovesmusic..Mary’sparentsgetupveryearly.(2)表习惯性动作或职业，常与often,sometimes,usually,always,everyweek,seldom,occasionally,frequently等时间副词连用。eg：.Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper..Shewritestomeveryoften..Tomandhisgirlfriendgoouttotakeapicenicoccasionally.(3)表客观真理，格言警句或事实：.Theearthmovesroundthesun..Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest..Twoandtwomakesfour..Nomanbuterrs.人非圣贤，熟能无过。(4)表将来：NCE新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewconceptEnglishGrammarA.在由when,after,before,as,assoonas,although,because,if,evenif,incase,till,until,unless,solongas,where,whatever,wherever等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。（黄金重点，所有考试都不放过它！）例如：.I’lltellherwhenshecomestomorrow..Evenifitrainsthisafternoon,I’llmeetyou..Whateverhappens,youshouldkeepcool-headed.（不错的句型，背下！！）.I’llberightherewaitingforyouwhereveryougo.（很感人的句型！）B.按时间表示将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。.Theplaybeginsat6:30thisevening..Whendoestheplanetakeoff?.Heleavesforthatcitynextweek..Accordingtothetimetable,theexpresstraintoShanghaistartsatnineinthemorning.（按照时刻表，开往上海的特快列车早上7点出发。）测试精编：C1.TheBrowns_______anicecarandbrown’sbrother_______anicejeep.A.have/haveB.has/hasC.have/hasD.has/haveB2.Iftheirhouse_______notlikeours,what_______itlooklike?A.is/isB.is/doesC.does/doesD.does/isA3._______youthinkhewillcome?Ifit_______tomorrow,hewillnotcome.A.Do/rainsB.Are/rainsC.do/willrainD.Are/willrainC4.Thelittlechild_______notevenknowthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.A.do/moveB.do/movesC.does/movesD.did/movedB5.Manyastudent_______fondoffilms,butagoodstudentseldom_______tothecinema.A.are/goesB.is/goesC.are/goD.is/go二、现在进行时：is/am/are+现在分词1.表示现在正在进行的动作。如.Thekettleisboiling.ShallImaketea?.Don’tyouthinkyoueattoomuch?You’reputtingonweight.(体重增加).Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeacrossthereiver.NCE新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewconceptEnglishGrammar2.表示现阶段正进行的动作。.Heistakingphysicsthissemester.（本学期）.Wearepreparingforourfinalexaminationthisweek.3.go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join,etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。.Look!Thebusiscoming.看！车来了！.Theoldmanisseriouslyill,andheisdying..AliceisleavingforBeijingwithhermother.4.与always,forever,continually,constantly等副词连用，表示说话人带有感情色彩：赞赏或厌恶。.Heisalwaysthinkingofothers.（他总是想着别人。）.Theboyiscontinuallymakingnoises.（这男孩不断地发出吵闹声。）.Theteacherisconstantly(always)criticizingherforbeinglate.（老师一直在批评她迟到。）5.下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时。（此条戒律请背10遍！！！）believe（相信），doubt（怀疑），see（看见），hear（听见），know（知道）understand（理解），belong（属于），think（认为），consider（认为），feel（觉得）look（看起来），seem（看上去），show（显示），mind（介意），have（有）sound（听起来），taste（尝起来），require（要求），possess（拥有），care（关心）like（喜欢），hate（讨厌），love（喜爱），detest（憎恨），desire（意欲）【简单记忆】：●永远不要说I’mbelieving…或Heisseeingahouse.再简单一点说，这些动词后面不要随意加–ing.●可怕的是：我们在写作及口语中常犯此类大错！●注意：haveaparty/thinkabout可以用进行时，因为这里have意为“举行”；think意为“考虑”。测试精编：B1.Howcanyou_______ifyouarenot_______?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningB.belistening/heardC.behearing/listeningtoD2.Thegirlevenwon’thaveherlunchbeforeshe_______herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishesNCE新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewconceptEnglishGrammarA3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost（职位）_______intheoffice.（此题超前）A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewingD.tobeinterviewingC4.Theoldscientist_______todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwishedB5.Ifhe_______,don’twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhasbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill三、一般过去时。定义动词的过去式：1.表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。.Wevisitedtheschoollastspring..IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool..Chinawasfoundedin1949.2.表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。（参）.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithusifitrainedthenextday..Theywouldnotlaveuntilshecameback..Myfriendpromisedtomarrymeonceshemadeherfinaldecision.3.一般过去时，现在时和过去时的几组差异：（别以为这很简单，下面的差异你不一定明白。）●Herbrotherwasachemist.（已去世）●Herbrotherisachemist.（尚健在）●That’sallIhadtosay.（话已说完）●That’sallIhavetosay.（言之未尽）●Itwassonicetoseeyou.（离别时用）●Itissonicetoseeyou.（见面时用）●Janedidalotofworkthismorning.（已是当天下午或晚上）●Janehasdonealotofworkthismorning.（仍是上午）[本句现在完成时，此乃后话！]NCE新概念语法精粹GuidetoNewconceptEnglishGrammar测试精编I：（用所给动词的正确形态填空）。1.YesterdayI_thought______(think)thatyouwerenotinBeijing.2.Aliceusually_sits_____(sit)inthefrontoftheclassroom,butshe_sat______(sit)atthebackthismorning.3.He_told______(tell)thenewstousthreedaysago.4.He__began_____(begin)toteachChinesein1990.5.Shewouldnottelephonemeifshe_had______(have)notime.测试精编II：B1.They_______thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn’tcontinueC.hadn’tcontinuedD.wouldcontinueA2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldie