直接引语与间接引语高中英语必修1语法点1

$高一必修1语法点1直接引语与间接引语DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech(OverallReview)Kim$Wearegoingtogothrough...代词和状语的变化★人称代词变化★指示代词变化★（时间、地点等）状语变化时态的变化★主句的谓语动词是现在时态★主句的谓语动词是过去时态★时态不变语序的变化★当直接引语是陈述句时★当直接引语是特殊疑问句时★当直接引语是感叹句时★当直接引语是祈使句或表命令时★当直接引语是一般疑问句，反义疑问句或否定疑问句时注意点提醒$2020/3/17代词和状语的变化/人称代词变化一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”1).“一随主”是指引号内的主语人称是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的主语人称。如：①.Theysaid,“Wewillgotherebybus.”→Theysaidtheywouldgotherebybus.②.Shesaid“Mysisterwantstogowithme.”→Shesaid(that)hersisterwantedtogowithher.$2020/3/17一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”2).“二随宾”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称要变成引号外的宾语人称。如果引号外没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。如：①.Shesaidtome,“Areyouinterestedinscience?”→SheaskedmeifIwasinterestedinscience.②.HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.③.Shesaid,“Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”→Shetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.代词和状语的变化/人称代词变化$2020/3/17代词和状语的变化/人称代词变化一般遵循这句顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称无变化”3).“第三人称不用变”是指引号内的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，变间接引语时，人称一般不需要变化。如：①.Hismothersaidtome,“Hecan'tgotoschool.”→Hismothertoldmethathecouldn'tgotoschool.②.MrSmithsaid,Jack’sbrotherisagoodworker.→MrSmithsaidJack’sbrotherwasagoodworker.$2020/3/17由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等要变化指示代词、形容词、副词、动词等变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbeforethatday(the)nextday$2020/3/17指示代词、形容词、副词、动词等变化直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaygobringhereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbeforecometakethere$2020/3/17语序的变化/当直接引语是陈述句时用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意。可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat1）eg.Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”—HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.2）eg.Janesaid,“I’mveryfondoftraveling.”—Janetoldmethatshewasfondoftravelling.$2020/3/17语序的变化/当直接引语是一般疑问句，反义疑问句或否定疑问句时间接引语用连词whether或if引导;原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等);语序是陈述句的语序.eg.Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”---Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Notice:1）一般情况下，if和whether可以通用，但在句尾加上ornot加强语气时，则必须用whether，不能用if。2）如果直接引语是反意疑问句或否定疑问句时，转换为间接引语后往往要用whether...ornot.eg.Johnasked,Youhavefinishedyourhomework,haven'tyou?--JohnaskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkornot.$2020/3/17语序的变化/当直接引语是特殊疑问句时原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。eg.Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”—Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”askedJohn.—JohnaskedMarywhenshewouldreturnhimthebook.$2020/3/17语序的变化/当直接引语是感叹句时如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what,how或that来引述。eg.“Whatabeautifulhouseitis!”hesaidtome.—Hetoldmewhatabeautifulhouseitwas.—Hetoldmethatitwasabeautifulhouse.Howprettytheseflowersare!shesays.—Shesayshowprettytheseflowersare.—shesaysthattheseflowersareprettey.$2020/3/17语序的变化/当直接引语是祈使句或表命令时如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell(ask,order,warn,advise等)sb.(not)todosth.eg.Thepolicemansaidtothechildren,“Don’tplayfootballinthestreet.”—Thepolicemantoldthechildrennottoplayfootballinthestreet.“Listentomecarefully,please.”theteachersaidtous.—Theteachertoldustolistentohimcarefully.Notice:如果祈使句中出现了please,在间接引语中必须省略。$2020/3/17由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面时态的变化直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时Sheoftensays,“Allmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.”Lilysays,Ihavebeenreadingthenovelthisweek.Lilysaysshehasbeenreadingthenovelthisweek.从句动词时态不变Sheoftensaysthatallmenandwomenareequalunderthelaw.$2020/3/17时态的变化直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为过去的时态Mymothersaid,thedoorisn'tlocked.DoctorLiasked,youhaven'thadanyotherpills,right?也要变成相应的过去时态Mymothersaidthatthedoorwasn'tlocked.DoctorLiaskedmewhetherIhadhadanyotherpillsornot.$2020/3/17时态不变化情况由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.客观不变的真理Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.2.历史上的事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.$2020/3/173.部分情态动词,如must,oughtto,usedto,hadbetter等：Shesaidtome:“Youmusthurryup.”→ShesaidthatImusthurryup.注意，must也可在间接引语中改写成：hadto→shesaidthatIhadtohurryup.时态不变化情况$2020/3/17注意点提醒1.只能用whether的情况2.什么是陈述语序？什么时候需用到陈述语序？3.时态4.代词，状语等变化$2020/3/17Thankyouforyoureffort!PracticeMakesPerfect!