高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃(基础篇)2

-1-PassageOneDropoutsforPh.D.sEducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.Somehaveplacedthedropoutslossashighas50percent.Theextentofthelosswas,however,largelyamatterofexpertguessing.Lastweekawell-roundedstudywaspublished.Itwaspublished.Itwasbasedon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*mThedropoutsratewasfoundtobe31percent,andinmostcasesthedropouts,whilenotcompletingthePh.D.requirement,wentontoproductivework.Theyarenotonlydoingwellfinancially,but,accordingtothereport,arenotfarbelowtheincomelevelsofthosewhowentontocompletetheirdoctorates.Discussingthestudylastweek,Dr.Tuckersaidtheprojectwasinitiated‘becauseoftheconcernfrequentlyexpressedbygraduatefacultiesandadministratorsthatsomeoftheindividualswhodroppedoutofPh.D.programswerecapableofcompetingtherequirementforthedegree.AttritionatthePh.D.levelisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.SomepeopleexpressedtheopinionthattheshortageofhighlytrainedspecialistsandcollegeteacherscouldbereducedbypersuadingthedropoutstoreturntograduateschoolstocompletethePh.D.’“Theresultsofourresearch”Dr.Tuckerconcluded,“didnotsupporttheseopinions.”1.Lackofmotivationwastheprincipalreasonfordroppingout.2.Mostdropoutswentasfarintheirdoctoralprogramaswasconsistentwiththeirlevelsofabilityortheirspecialities.3.Mostdropoutsarenowengagedinworkconsistentwiththeireducationandmotivation.Nearly75percentofthedropoutssaidtherewasnoacademicreasonfortheirdecision,butthosewhomentionedacademicreasoncitedfailuretopassthequalifyingexamination,uncompletedresearchandfailuretopasslanguageexams.Amongthesinglemostimportantpersonalreasonsidentifiedbydropoutsfornon-completionoftheirPh.D.program,lackoffinanceswasmarkedby19percent.Asanindicationofhowwellthedropoutsweredoing,achartshowed2%inhumanitieswere-2-receiving$20,000andmoreannuallywhilenoneofthePh.D.‘swiththatbackgroundreachedthisfigure.ThePh.D.‘sshoneinthe$7,500to$15,000bracketwith78%atthatlevelagainst50%forthedropouts.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.‘stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.Astothepossibilityofgettingdropoutsbackoncampus,theoutlookwasglum.Themainconditionwhichwouldhavetoprevailforatleast25%ofthedropoutswhomightconsiderreturningtograduateschoolwouldbetoguaranteethattheywouldretaintheirpresentlevelofincomeandinsomecasestheirpresentjob.1.TheauthorstatesthatmanyeducatorsfeelthatA.stepsshouldbetakentogetthedropoutsbacktocampus.B.thefropoutsshouldreturntoalowerqualityschooltocontinuetheirstudy.C.thePh.D.holderisgenerallyabetteradjustedpersonthanthedropout.D.Thehighdropoutsrateislargelyattributabletothelackofstimulationonthepartoffacultymembers.2.ResearchhasshownthatA.DropoutsaresubstantiallybelowPh.D.‘sinfinancialattainment.B.theincentivefactorisaminoroneinregardtopursuingPh.D.studies.C.ThePh.D.candidateislikelytochangehisfieldofspecializationifhedropsout.D.aboutone-thirdofthosewhostartPh.D.workdonotcompletetheworktoearnthedegree.3.MeetingforeignlanguagerequirementsforthePh.D.A.isthemostfrequentreasonfordroppingout.B.ismoredifficultforthesciencecandidatethanforthehumanitiescandidate.C.isanessentialpartofmanyPh.D.programs.D.doesnotvaryindifficultyamonguniversities.4.Afterreadingthearticle,onewouldrefrainfromconcludingthatA.optimismreignsinregardtogettingPh.D.dropoutstoreturntotheirpursuitofthedegree.B.aPh.D.dropout,byandlarge,doesnothavewhatittakestolearnthedegree.C.collegesanduniversitiesemployasubstantialnumberofPh.D.dropouts.D.Ph.D.‘sarenotearningwhattheydeserveinnonacademicpositions.-3-5.ItcanbeinferredthatthehighrateofdropoutsliesinA.salaryforPh.D.toolow.B.academicrequirementtoohigh.C.salaryfordropoutstoohigh.D.1000positions.Vocabulary1.dropout辍学者，中途退学2.well-rounded全面的w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m3.attrition缩/减员，磨损4.drain枯竭5.bracket一类人，（尤指按收入分类的）阶层6.laggingbehindotherfields落后于其它领域7.glum阴郁的难句译注1.EducatorsareseriouslyconcernedaboutthehighrateofdropoutsamongthedoctorofphilosophycandidatesandtheconsequentlossoftalenttoanationinneedofPh.D.s.【参考译文】教育工作者严重关注博士生辍学的高比率；这对迫切需要博士生的国家是一个人才方面的严重损失。2.Itwasbaseon22,000questionnairessenttoformergraduatestudentswhowereenrolledin24universitiesanditseemedtoshowmanypastfearstobegroundless.【结构分析】sent过去分词，修饰questionnaires。Who定语从句修饰students。【参考译文】这份全面调查报告是以22000份调查表分送给以前在24所大学就读的博士生为基础的。这份全面调查报告似乎说明过去许多担心害怕是没有根据的。3.AttritionatthePh.D.leverisalsothoughttobeawasteofpreciousfacultytimeandadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingusedtocapacity.【结构分析】被动句。Tocapacity满额，全力。-4-【参考译文】博士水平的人员的缩减被认为是宝贵的教授时间的浪费和已经被使用到极限的大学资源的枯竭。4.Thismayalsobeanindicationofthefactthattopsalariesintheacademicfields,wherePh.D.‘stendtorisetothehighestsalaries,arestilllaggingbehindotherfields.【结构分析】thefact的同位语that从句中的where是定语从句，修饰academicfields。【参考译文】这也可能表明这样一个事实：在博士能挣到最高工资的学术领域中，高工资仍然落后于其它领域。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇论及“博士生辍学”的文章。采用对比和因果手法。文