Ville de Paris法国巴黎

VilledeParis巴黎ABriefIntroductionAbouttheHistoryofParisParisisnowlocatedonbothbanksoftheSeineRiver.TheoriginalsettlementfromwhichParisevolved,Lutetia,wasinexistencebythelate3rdcenturyBConanislandintheSeine.LutetiawascapturedandfortifiedbytheRomansin52BC.Duringthe1stcenturyADthecityspreadtotheleftbankoftheSeine.Bytheearly4thcenturyitwasknownasParis.ItwithstoodseveralVikingsieges(885–87)andbecamethecapitalofFrancein987,whenHughCapet,thecountofParis,becameking.ThecitywasimprovedduringthereignofPhilipII,whoformallyrecognizedtheUniversityofParisс1200.Inthe14th–15thcenturiesitsdevelopmentwashinderedbytheBlackDeathandtheHundredYears'War.Inthe17th–18thcenturiesitwasimprovedandbeautified.LeadingeventsoftheFrenchRevolutiontookplaceinParis(1789–99).NapoleonIIIcommissionedGeorges-EugèneHaussmanntomodernizethecity'sinfrastructureandaddseveralnewbridgesovertheSeine.ThecitywasthesiteoftheParisPeaceConference,whichendedWorldWarI.DuringWorldWarIIPariswasoccupiedbyGermantroops.Itisnowthefinancial,commercial,transportation,artistic,andintellectualcentreofFrance.巴黎法国城市、河港和首都。跨塞纳河两岸。鲁特提亚是最原始的居民点，位于塞纳河中一座岛屿，在公元前3世纪末就已存在。公元前52年罗马人夺占此地，并构筑要塞。公元1世纪时，该城已发展到塞纳河左岸。到了4世纪初，这里已被称作巴黎。885～887年抵挡住了几次维京人的围攻，987年巴黎伯爵于格·卡佩当上国王，巴黎成为法兰西的首都。腓力二世位期间，巴黎得到大规模发展，国王在1200年左右正式批准巴黎大学成立。14～15世纪时，因为黑死病和百年战争巴黎的发展受阻。17～18世纪城市有了进一步的改善并得到美化。1789～1799年法国大革命就是从这里开始的。拿破仑三世时，他命令奥斯曼把整个城市结构现代化，并在塞纳河上搭建几座新桥。第一次世界大战结束后，这里是召开巴黎和会的地方。第二次世界大战期间遭德军占领。现为法国的金融、商业、交通、艺术和学术中心。城内的许多景点包括埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、卢浮宫博物馆、先贤祠、篷皮杜中心、巴黎歌剧院，以及一些林阴大道、公园和花园。ThedevelopmenthistoryofParisTheearlystage(100BC—15thcentury)Thedevelopmentalstage(late15thcentury—early19thcentury)Thebasiclayoutform(50sto70sin19thcentury)TheurbanmorphologyofParisParisisthecapitalandlargestcityofFrance.ItissituatedontheriverSeine,innorthernFrance,attheheartoftheÎle-deFranceregionGreenroofsareeverywhereThebicyclelanesandsidewalksTheparksandpublicfacilitiesontherailwaysystemParisislocatedinthenorth-bendingarcoftheriverSeineandincludestwoislands,theÎleSaint-LouisandthelargerÎledelaCité,whichformtheoldestpartofthecity.Overall,thecityisrelativelyflat,andthelowestpointis35mabovesealevel.Parishasseveralprominenthills,ofwhichthehighestisMontmartreat130mExcludingtheoutlyingparksofBoisdeBoulogneandBoisdeVincennes,Pariscoversanovalmeasuring86.928km2(34sqmi)inarea.Thecity'slastmajorannexationofoutlyingterritoriesin1860notonlygaveititsmodernformbutalsocreatedthetwentyclockwise-spirallingarrondissements(municipalboroughs).Fromthe1860areaof78km2(30sqmi),thecitylimitswereexpandedmarginallyto86.9km2(34sqmi)inthe1920s.In1929,theBoisdeBoulogneandBoisdeVincennesforestparkswereofficiallyannexedtothecity,bringingitsareatothepresent105.39km2GeographydistrictpopulationProportion(sqkm)densityThecityofParis2,154,00010620,300Innersuburbs4,255,0006426,600Outersuburbs3,991,0002,2951,700ThepopulationdistributionThelatestpopulationstatisticsofParisCLIMATEParishasthetypicalWesternEuropeanoceanicclimatewhichisaffectedbytheNorthAtlanticCurrent.Overayear,Paris'climatecanbedescribedasmildandmoderatelywet.Thecity'smanyattractionsincludetheEiffelTower,Notre-DamedeParis,theLouvre,thePanthéon,PompidouCentre,andtheParisOpera,aswellasboulevards,publicparks,andgardens.EiffelTower埃菲尔铁塔EiffelTower,wrought-irontowerinParis,alandmarkandanearlyexampleofwrought-ironconstructiononagiganticscale.ItwasdesignedandbuiltbytheFrenchcivilengineerAlexandre-GustaveEiffelfortheParisWorld'sFairof1889.Thetower,withoutitsmodernbroadcastingantennas,is300m(984ft)high.Thelowersectionconsistsoffourimmensearchedlegssetonmasonrypiers.Thelegscurveinwarduntiltheyuniteinasingletaperedtower.Platforms,eachwithanobservationdeck,areatthreelevels;onthefirstisalsoarestaurant.Thetower,constructedofabout6300metrictons(about7000tons)ofiron,hasstairsandelevators.Ameteorologicalstation,aradiocommunicationsstation,andatelevisiontransmissionantenna,aswellasasuiteofroomsthatwereusedbyEiffel,arelocatednearthetopofthetower.AvenuedesChamps-Elysées香榭丽舍大街Itisoneofthemostfamousstreetsintheworld；linewithitscinemas，cafeandluxuryspecialtyshops.Thesidewalksareincrediblywideandlavish，leavingplentyroomforawidearrayofsidewalkcafes，beverageanddiningoptionsrunningthefullrangefrommcdonald'stoposhandpriceyfrenchrestaurants.Excepttopayatleast＄4forabeeror＄9foramixeddrinkineventhemodestsidewalkcafes——wellworththepriceforatablewithaviewoftheactivityonthechamps.Attheveryheartofparisitisoneofthemostsymbolicpalacesinthecity，representativeofitsspiritanditsglory.香榭丽舍——“仙境乐土”（法语含义）Notre-DamedeParis巴黎圣母院她坐落在巴黎市中心、塞纳河的西岱岛上，她玫瑰色窗户上的斑驳玻璃、工艺讲究的尖顶造型集中了哥特式建筑的全部精华……InthinkingofGothicarchitecture,ourthoughtsalwaysascend.ForthatwhichembodiesGothicstylemostislofty；Rosewindowsofstainedglass,ornatelycraftedspires,andtheguardiansofgrandcathedrals,theGargoyles.EachisdistinctlyGothic,andalldistinctlyNotreDamedeParis.NotreDamedeParis,morethansevenhundredyearsold,isonlythemostrecentofholyhousestooccupythisancientsacredground.TheCeltsheldtheirservicesonthisislandintheSeine,andatoptheirsacredgrovestheRomansbuilttheirowntempletoJupiter.NotreDamedeParisontheÎl