人教版高一必修二book2-unit3-Computers--grammar-课件

Unit3ComputersPeriod4语法专题课I.Readthesentencesfromthetext,payingattentiontotheunderlinedparts.1.OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.2.…,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.3.…IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!4.Sincethe1970s,manynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.5.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesas…Task1.Presentation讲解归纳1.构成：主动语态被动语态现在完成时have/hasdoneThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice（现在完成时的被动语态）have/hasbeendoneII.Translation1.Twowindowshavebeenbroken．两个窗子被打破了。这辆汽车还没有被修好。2.Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired．3．─Havethecarsbeenrepaired？─No，theyhaven’t．这些汽车修好了吗？不，还没有。她的工作完成有多久了？Howlonghasherworkbeenfinished？2.现在完成时被动语态的各种句式：[肯定式]have/has＋been＋doneYourcomputerhasbeenrepaired.你的电脑已经修好了。[否定式]have/has＋not＋been＋doneThedeskshavenotbeencleaned.这些桌子还没有擦干净。[疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done?—Hasthedoorbeenpainted?那扇门粉刷了吗？—No，ithasn’t.不，还没有。[特殊疑问式]疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋doneHowlonghasherworkbeenfinished？她的工作完成有多久了？3.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。当动词为短暂动词时，可与already或yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段的时间状语连用。例如：I’msorry，butthelettershaven’tbeentypedyet.很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。(结果是，现在还拿不到这些信件)Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.工作已完成了。(结果是，现在不用做这项工作了)2)表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong...？句型中。例如：Theplanhasbeendiscussedfornearly2hours.这项计划已被讨论了近两个小时了。3)用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。Ⅰ.完成句子1．由于大雪，高速公路已经被封闭。Thefreeway_______________becauseoftheheavysnow.答案：hasbeenclosed2．对不起，先生，这次展览的门票已经全部卖完了。Sorry，sir，alltheticketsfortheexhibition________________.答案：havebeensoldoutTask2Testyourself!3．这座城市明年将建多少座大楼？Howmanyhighbuildings________________inthiscitynextyear?答案：willbebuilt4．为了多种一些谷物，很多树被砍掉了。Largenumbersoftrees______________togrowmoregrain.答案：havebeencutdown5．我喜欢这部科幻电影，它已经在电视上播了三次了。Ilikethissciencefictionfilmandit_____________threetimesonTV.答案：hasbeenshownⅡ.单项填空1．Hissisterlefthomein1998，and_______since.A．hadnotbeenheardofB．hasnotbeenheardofC．hadnotheardofD．hasnotheardof解析：选B。考查时态及语态。句意为：他姐姐1998年离家出走，从此杳无音信。根据句中since可知本题需用完成时，同时根据句意可知需用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。2．Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They________welland________already.A．sell；havebeensoldoutB．sold；hadsoldoutC．sell；selloutD．aresold；havebeensoldout解析：选A。第一空sell说明主语的性质，为不及物动词用法，不能用于被动语态；第二空根据副词already可知“已卖完了”；且sellout(售完)与dictionaries间为被动关系，故选A项。3．—Canwesitatthetablenearthewindow?—I’msorry，butit________already.A．wastakenB．tookC．hastakenD．hasbeentaken解析：选D。it代指thetable，和take之间是被动关系；又根据already和句意可知用现在完成时，故答案选D项。4.IwanttobuythiskindofclothbecauseI_______thecloth________well.A．havetold；washedB．havebeentold；washesC．havebeentold；washedD．wastold；washed解析：选B。根据句意“因为我被告知这种布很好洗”可知第一空用完成时的被动语态；第二空表示主语具有的属性，用主动表被动，故用washes。1.使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点:1)现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一不可。2)只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（词组）没有被动语态,如:happen,takeplace,die,appear,disappear,fail,remain,lie,last,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,belongto等．Conclusion:3)副词的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:[误]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.4)许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，也可以有被动语态。但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。如：•e.g.Anoticehasbeenputuponthewall.5)非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。Ⅰ.用括号内动词或词组的适当形式填空1．Morethan5,000usedbikes__________________(collect)sincethetwobrotherssetuptheorganisation.答案：havebeencollected2．Sincethecauseofthisdisease________________(discover)，nowweneedtodevelopthemedicinetotreatit.答案：hasbeendiscoveredTask4Consolidation.3．Overthepasttenyears，thistown__________(hit)twicebyearthquakes.答案：hasbeenhit4．—Willthelecturebeheldat4o’clockthisafternoon?—No.It__________________(putoff)tilltomorrowafternoon.答案：hasbeenputoff5．Hernovelisverypopularamongpeopleofallages；sofarit____________(translate)into25languages.答案：hasbeentranslatedII.Choosethebestanswers.1.Allthepreparationsforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone2.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed3.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided4.Betty___injuredsincelastSaturday.A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.has5.Thatbook_________intoatleast20foreignlanguages.A.hassaidtobetranslatedB.hasbeensaidtohavetranslatedC.issaidthatithadbeentranslatedD.issaidtohavebeentranslated注:该句的句型是:Itissaidthat…/people(they)saidthat…/thatbookissaidto…根据句意是已经被译成了20多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。6.--Didyoumoveintothenewhouse?--No.Therooms___yet.A.werebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.havenotpaintedD.havenotbeenpainted1.Itwas/willbe+段时间+before…表示“……才；……就”，Itwasjust3daysbeforethebookwaspublished.三天后那本书就出版了。Itwillbetensyearsbeforewemeetagain.五年后我们才会在见面。Itwasn’tlongbefore…/Itwon’tlongbefore…表示“不久以后就……”；Itwasn’tlongbeforehecamehome.他不久后就回到了家里。Itwon’tlongbeforeyougetwellagain.不久你就可以恢复健康了。ThenewcampusofQufuNo.1MiddleSchoolhasalreadybeenbuilt.Thehouseshavebeendestroyedbythestorm.I.Readthesentencesfromthetext,payingattentio