新托福阅读的修辞目的题答题技巧

1新托福阅读的修辞目的题答题技巧修辞目的题（RhetoricalPurposeQuestions），为新托福必考题型，每篇文章考0-2题。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，它主要考查考生们理解作者为什么在文章中某个特别位置或者以某种特殊的方式陈述一个特别的信息。1）有时要求学生确定一个段落与另一个段落之间的联系2）有时考查作者提到某一条特别信息的原因（句子之间的联系）注意：此类题目不考查整篇文章的结构，只考查句子或段落之间的逻辑关系。问题形式☻TheauthordiscussesXinparagraph2inorderto…☻WhydoestheauthormentionX?☻TheauthorusesXasanexampleof…答题技巧修辞目的题一般可分为以下几类：一、例子题例子题一般占修辞目的题出题机会的70%,题干中出现的X本身是段落中出现的一个例子，这类题是送分题，因为要么是先举例子后总结/概述（理论），要么是先概述（理论）后举例子，所以答案多半是绕过例子看概述，而概述的改写就是本题答案的所在，也就是说哪个选项的内容和概述的内容一致就是答案。因此考生也可以用排除法选答案。如：OGTitle:ARTISANSANDINDUSTRIALIZATIONParagraph4Thefirstgenerationtoexperiencethesechangesdidnotadoptthenewattitudeseasily.Thefactoryclockbecamethesymbolofthenewworkrules.Onemillworkerwhofinallyquitcomplainedrevealinglyabout“obediencetotheding-dongofthebell——justas2thoughwearesomanylivingmachines.”Withthelossofpersonalfreedomalsocamethelossofstandinginthecommunity…4.Inparagraph4,theauthorincludesthequotationfromamillworkerinorderto○supporttheideathatitwasdifficultforworkerstoadjusttoworkinginfactories○toshowthatworkerssometimesquitbecauseoftheloudnoisemadebyfactorymachinery○arguethatclocksdidnothaveausefulfunctioninfactories○emphasizethatfactoriesweremostsuccessfulwhenworkersrevealedtheircomplaints分析：此题中我们根据millworker定位，能定位到原文对应内容为Onemillworkerwhofinallyquitcomplainedrevealinglyabout“obediencetotheding-dongofthebell——justasthoughwearesomanylivingmachines”,绕过例子读理论，理论“Thefirstgenerationtoexperiencethesechangesdidnotadoptthenewattitudeseasily.Thefactoryclockbecamethesymbolofthenewworkrules.”在例子前面，根据此理论，我们即可以选出正确答案为第一个选项。如：OGTitle:AGGRESSIONParagraph5ThePsychodynamicApproach.Theoristsadoptingthepsychodynamicapproachholdthatinnerconflictsarecrucialforunderstandinghumanbehavior,including…TheFreudianperspective,inasense,seeusas“steamengines.”Byholdinginratherthanventing“steam,”wesetthestageforfutureexplosions.Pent-upaggressiveimpulsesdemandoutlets.Theymaybeexpressedtowardparentsinindirectways…7.Freuddescribespeopleassteamenginesinordertomakethepointthatpeople○deliberatelybuilduptheiraggressiontomakethemselvesstronger○usuallyreleaseaggressioninexplosiveways○mustventtheiraggressiontopreventitfrombuildingup○typicallylosetheiraggressioniftheydonotexpressit.分析：此题中，我们根据Freud和steamengines定位，原文对应内容为TheFreudianperspective,3inasense,seeusas“steamengines.”绕过此例子，定位理论，原文中理论“Byholdinginratherthanventing“steam,”wesetthestageforfutureexplosions.”在例子之后，根据此例子，我们可以确定答案为第三个选项。如：OGTitle:EARLYCINEMAParagraph2TheseKinetoscopearcadesweremodeledonphonographparlors,whichhadprovensuccessfulforEdisonseveralyearsearlier.Inthephonographparlors,customerslistenedtorecordingsthroughindividualeartubes,movingfromonemachinetothenexttoheardifferentrecordedspeechesorpiecesofmusic.Thekinetoscopesfunctionedinasimilarway…2.Theauthordiscussesphonographparlorsinparagraph2inorderto○explainEdison’sfinancialsuccess○describethemodelusedtodesignKinetoscopeparlors○contrasttheirpopularitytothatofKinetoscopeparlors○illustratehowmuchmoretechnologicallyadvancedKinetoscopeparlorswere分析：此题中，我们根据phonographparlors定位，原文对应内容为TheseKinetoscopearcadesweremodeledonphonographparlors,whichhadprovensuccessfulforEdisonseveralyearsearlier.Inthephonographparlors,customerslistenedtorecordingsthroughindividualeartubes,movingfromonemachinetothenexttoheardifferentrecordedspeechesorpiecesofmusic.绕过此例子，定位理论，原文中理论“Thekinetoscopesfunctionedinasimilarway…”在例子之后，根据此例子，我们可以确定答案为第二个选项。二、逻辑关系词或者态度类词汇的题在段落中，将某一个逻辑关系词X划出，题干中whydoestheauthormentionX?朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，这种题目的解法主要是关注逻辑关系词或态度类词所表达的含义，如：转折关系：however,but,although,instead,ratherthan等因果关系：because,resultin,resultfrom,consequently,asaresult等4递进关系：furthermore,also,moreover等态度类词汇：happy,worried,panic,luckily,fortunately,unfortunately,impatient,curious,anxious,ridiculous,hopeless等如：Unfortunately,Hubbletelescopewasinitiallydelayedinrelayingitsfirstpicturesbackfromspaceduetoasimplemathematicalmiscalculation.Whydoestheauthorbeginparagraph4withunfortunately?○ItindicatesthatNASAhasbeenunhappywithallofHubble’sphotograph.○ItshowsthatNASA’splantousestarstoorienttheHubbletelescopewasmisguided.○Itemphasizestheneedtohavetelescopesontheearth.○Itindicatesthathighexpectationwerenotinitiallymet.分析：此题即考查态度类词Unfortunately所表达的含义。结合原文内容中的“initiallydelayedin”,说明作者用Unfortunately一词是为了表达对Hubbletelescope最初使用时并未成功的遗憾，因此我们可以确定答案即为第四个选项。如：OGTitle:THEORIGINSOFCETACEANSParagraph5Anevenexcitingfindwasreportedin1994,alsofromPakistan.ThenowextinctwhaleAmbulocetusnatans(“thewalkingwhalethatswam”)livedintheTethysSea49millionyearsago.Itlivedaround3millionyearsafterPakicetusbut9millionbeforeBasilosaurus.Thefossilluckilyincludesagoodproportionofthehindlegs.Thelegswerestrongandendedinlongfeetverymuchlikethoseofamodernpinniped.Thelegswerecertainlybothfunctionalbothonlandandatsea.9.WhydoestheauthorusethewordluckilyinmentioningthattheAmbulocetusnatansfossilsincludedhindlegs?○Fossillegsofearlywhalesareararefind.○Thelegsprovidedimportantinformationabouttheevolutionofcetaceans.○Thediscoveryallowedscientiststoreconstructacompleteskeletonofthewhale.5○Untilthattime,onlythefrontlegsofearlywhaleshadbeendiscove