必修三unit5Language-points

Languagepoints1.Ratherthantaketheaeroplanealltheway,theydecidedtoflytoVancouverandthentakethetrainwesttoeastacrossCanada.她们不想一路乘飞机，她们决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。ratherthan表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。(1)连接两个名词或代词Heisanexplorerratherthanasailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。YouratherthanIaregoingtogocamping.是你而不是我要去要野营。ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2)连接两个形容词Thesweatersheboughtwasbeautifulratherthancheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。(3)连接两个介词(短语)或动名词Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。Sheenjoyssingingratherthandancing.她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。(4)连接两个分句Weshouldhelphimratherthanheshouldhelpus.是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。(5)连接两个不定式Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.我决定写信而不打电话。注意：ratherthan后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to,如上句。但ratherthan位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。如:Ratherthanallowthevegetablestogobad,hesoldthemathalfprice.他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(6)连接两个动词Heranratherthanwalked.他是跑来的，而不是走来的。注意：这里ratherthan后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿……”解。3.Goingeastward,youwill...-ward（s）加在前置词上，构成副词，表示方向backward(s)向后，upward(s)向上。4.PeoplethinkitisCanada’smostbeautifulcity,surroundedbymountainsandthePacificOcean.许多人认为温哥华是加拿大最美的城市，因为它被大山包围，濒临太平洋。surroundvt.包围,围绕;圈住Treessurroundourhouse.我们房子的四周都是树。Thepolicesurroundedthehouse.警察包围了这幢房子。Theoceansandseassurroundingtheislandsaredeepblueandmanyofitscitieslieonthebay.surrounding现在分词短语做定语。Wecouldseethebuildings____bytrees.A.beingsurroundedB.surroundedC.tobesurroundedD.surroundB6.Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall,somemeasuringover90metres.so...that和such...that是常见的引导结果状语从句的句型，具体用法如下：(1)so+adj./adv.+that...(2)so+adj.+a(n)+单数可数名词+that...(3)so+many/few+复数名词+that...(4)so+much/little+不可数名词+that...(5)such+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+that...(6)such+adj.+复数名词+that...(7)such+adj.+不可数名词+that...[注意]当名词为不可数名词或复数名词时，不能用so，而必须用such。但当名词之前有表示数量的词语，如many,much,few,little时，只能用so，而不能用such。[仿写]______________________________________________(他吓得几乎睡不着觉。)Hewassofrightenedthathecouldhardlyfallasleep[仿真模拟]从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。①Itwas_____thatshecouldn’tfinishitbyherself.A.sodifficultaworkB.suchadifficultworkC.sodifficultworkD.suchdifficultwork②MrsLondonhas_____thatsheisunabletogetagoodjob.A.suchsmalleducationB.solittleeducationC.asuchlittleeducationD.asosmalleducationsettledown1)坐下，躺下Hesettleddowninhischairtoreadthenewspaper.7.Thatafternoonaboardthetrain,thecousinssettleddownintheirseats.那天下午，这对表姐妹上了火车落了座。aboardadv.,prep.在……上；在船上2)过安定的生活Afteryearsoftraveling,hedecidedtosettledownhere.3)安下心来，专心致志于Thentheysettledthemselvesdown____work.A.toB.onC.withD.inA8.managetodomanagetodosth.(=succeedindoingsth.)是“设法做、设法完成某事”的意思。[辨析]managetodo与trytodo用manage时，成功的把握大些；用try时，成功的把握不大。即：managetodosth.的意思是“设法成功地完成……”，而trytodosth.的意思是“尽力做……（但结果不一定成功）”。如：Heworkedhardandmanagedtopasstheexam.他努力学习并顺利通过了考试。Hetriedtopasstheexam,butfailedbecauseoflaziness.他试图想通过考试，但是由于懒惰而最终失败了。[即学即练]按要求完成下列各题。1.Ifourparentsdon’tencourageustodoanythingonourownwewillnevermanagetobesuccessful.如果父母不鼓励我们独立做事，我们永远也不会获得成功。2.我们设法得到了需要的东西。3.Ourparentsalwaysgetalittlebitanxiousifwe_____(没有到家)whenwesaywewill.can’t/don’tmanagetoarrivehomeWemanagedtogetwhatwewanted.9.Manyofthemhaveagiftforridingwildhorsesandcanwinthousandsofdollarsinprizes.1)haveagiftfor..在......方面有天分/天赋gift特指与生俱来的天份或才能，如绘画、音乐等。Hergiftfordancingamazedtheteacher.老师对她舞蹈的天份大感惊奇。10.…mostCanadianslivewithinafewhundredkilometresoftheUSAborder…大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国数百公里以内的边疆地带……[考点]within介词，在……（尤指时间、距离、范围、限度等）之内，以内；在……里头。1)within与in表达时间的区别:within指在时间范围之内，不超过；而in是经过若干时间，指期限之外。I’llbetherewithinanhour.（一小时之内）I’llbethereinanhour.（一小时之后）[考例]Don’tleavematchesorcigarettesonthetablewithin_____oflittlechildren.(湖北2004)A.handB.reachC.paceD.distance[点拨]本题考查固定短语。withinreachofsb.或withinone’sreach意为“在某人能够得着的范围之内”。B2)bordern.边界；国界v.与…接壤thecountriesborderingtheBaltic波罗的海沿岸国家11.Theywentthroughawheat-growingprovinceandsawfarmsthatcoveredthousandsofsquareacres.火车穿过一个种植小麦的省份，他们看见了面积有数千平方英亩的农场。wheat-growing是一个复合形容词。复合形容词1).N.-Nedbaby-faced(娃娃脸的)horse-faced(马脸的)2).adj.-Nedgood-mannered(有礼貌的)narrow-minded(心胸狭窄的)absent-minded(心不在焉的)old-fashioned(过时的)short-sighted(近视的)3).数字-Nedone-legged(独脚的)three-headed(三个头的)five-sided(五个边的)two-storied(两层楼的)例外︰数字-计量单位(-adj)，注意复数时，单位名词仍不加s。three-year-old(三岁大的)two-week(两个礼拜的)one-way(单行的)4).N-Vingbody-building(强身的)peace-loving(爱好和平的)heart-warming(感人的)law-abiding(守法的)5).adj.-Vingeasy-going(悠哉的)good-looking(美貌的)high-sounding(夸张的)6).adv.-Vinghard-working(工作努力的)fast-moving(移动快速的)far-reaching(影响深远的)7).N-pp(过去分词)heart-broken(伤心的)hand-made(手工的)man-caused(人为的)8).adj.-ppplain-spoken(坦白说话的)ready-made(现成的)clean-cut(清秀的)9).adv.-ppout-spoken(直言的)well-known(著名的)well-behaved(守规矩的)12....Canadahasmorefreshwaterthananyothercountryintheworld.句中的more...thananyother...是用比较级表示最高级含义。如果是在同一范围内比较，常用“主语+谓语+比较级+thananyother+单数名词”或者“主语+谓语+比较级+thananyoftheother+复数名词”。如果是在不同的范围内比较，常用“主语+谓语+比较级+thanany+单数名词”。如：Heistallerthananyotherboyinourclass./Heistallerthananyoftheotherboysinourclass.他是我们班上最高的男孩。ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。[仿写]___________