lord-of-the-flies-蝇王

张艳西语一班2010061003•WilliamLangland(1330~1440)PiersthePlowman《耕者皮尔斯》•WilliamShakespeare(1564~1616)154sonnets,37plays(14comedies,12tragidies11historicalworks),twolongpoems•WilliamBlake(1757~1827)SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》SongsofExperience《经验之歌》•WilliamWordsworth(1770~1850)“LakePoets”LyricalBallads《抒情歌谣集》•WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811~1863)VanityFair《名利场》•Author•Maincharactersofthenovel•Plot•Themes•Symbols(1911~1994)wasaEnglishnovelist,hewontheBookerPrizeforFictionin1980,andtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1983.Hisfirstnovelwasimmediatesuccess.WilliamGoldingLordoftheFliesTheInheritors(1955),PincherMartin(1956),FreeWill(1955),TheSpire(1964)WORKTIMEWORKTIMEPoems1934DarknessVisible1979LordoftheFlies1954AMovingTarget(essays)1982TheInheritors1955ThePaperMen1984PincherMartin1956AnEgyptianJournal1985TheBrassButterfly(play)1958TotheEndsoftheEarth(trilogy)1980-1989FreeFall19591.RitesofPassage1980TheSpire19642.CloseQuarters1987TheHotGates(essays)19653.FireDownBelow1989ThePyramid1967TheDoubleTongue(posthumous)1995TheScorpionGod1971scienceTwoyearslaterEnglishliteratureDuringworldwarⅡBritishRoyalNavyHehatedtheGermanfascistwhomurderedtheJewsAfterwarLordoftheFliesTheInheritorsPincherMartinFreeWillTheSpireGoldinghimselfwasareligiousmanwhofollowedthePuritantraditionwhichemphasizedOriginalSin,andthisideastronglyinfluencedhisliterarycreation.OxfordUniversityAfableisaveiledstoryaboutthetruthofhumanexistence.Thethemeisthedarkside—orevil—ofhumannature.Ralph(拉尔夫),thenovel’sprotagonist,whorepresentsthecivilizinginstinctwithinhumanbeings.Jack(杰克),thenovel’santagonist,oneoftheolderboysstrandedonthejungleisland.Ontheisland,jackistheleaderofthehunters,herepresentstheinstinctofsavagerywithinhumanbeings.Simon(西蒙)isinsomewaystheonlynaturally“good”Characterontheisland,herepresentsakindofnaturalgoodness.Piggy(猪崽子)Ralph's“lieutenant,awhiny,intellectualboy,herepresentsthescientific,rationalsideofcivilization.Roger(罗杰)Jack’s“lieutenant”Asadistic,cruelolderboywhomurdersPiggybyrollingaboulderintohim.LordoftheFlieswritein1954andfilmin1963.IttellsastoryaboutthefateofagroupofEnglishschoolboyswhoaremaroonedandbecomeisolated,Whichisanallegoryaboutthetragedyofhumannature.有一群孩子乘着飞机路过海上时发生了坠机事件并困在了一个荒岛上。最初孩子们齐心协力，共同应付随之而来的种种困难。但由于对“野兽”的恐惧使孩子们渐渐分裂成两派，代表理智与文明的一派与代表野性与原始的一派，最终爆发了两派中的矛盾。•Aplanecrashed,agroupofboyscametoanisolatedisland•Ralphwasselectedtobealeaderand“piggy”foundaconchwhichRalphusesasahorn•TheycreatedthefireforrescuewithPiggy'sglasses,and,foratime,theboysworktogetherforbuildinghouseandlookingforfoodRogePiggy(猪崽子)Simon(西蒙)Roger(罗杰)Ralph(拉尔夫)Jack(杰克)AnavalofficerlandedontheislandnearwhereRalphwaslying,andhissuddenappearancebroughtthechildren'sfightingtoanabrupthalt.Uponlearningoftheboys'activities,theofficerinitiallybelievedthemonlytobeplayingagame.Intheend,Ralphcriedsadlyfortheislandhadbeenabloodyplace.•CivilizationSavagery（文明与野蛮）Theconflictbetweenthetwoinstinctsisthedrivingforceofthenovel,exploredthroughthedissolutionoftheyoungEnglishboy’scivilized,moral,disciplinedbehaviorastheyaccustomthemselvestoawild,brutal,barbariclifeassavagesinthejungle.作品揭示了，一群英国少年在逐步适应了丛林中如野人般的狂放不羁,凶残，野蛮的生活方式后渐渐抛弃了文明，道德，有原则的行为模式，并以此诠释了两种天性的冲突。•Lossofinnocence(童心泯灭)Astheboysontheislandprogressfromwell-behaved,orderlychildrenwhohopetoberescuedtocruel,bloodthirstyhunterswhohavenodesiretoreturntocivilization,theynaturallylosethesenseofinnocencethattheypossessedatthebeginningofthenovel.海岛上的男孩在从一群举止良好，秩序井然，渴望得救的孩子们逐步变成残忍，嗜血，不愿重返文明社会的猎手过程中，自然而然地丧失了他们在作品开头所拥有的童稚之心•Innatehumanevil(性本恶)moralityasanimposedsetofsociallyconditionedbehaviors道德是受社会约束的强制性行为•Christianiconography基督教形象theuseofsuperstitionandreligionasmethodsofobtainingpoweroverothers利用迷信与宗教获取控制他人的权利Theconchshell(海螺)becomesapowerfulsymbolofcivilizationandorder;itisanactualvesselofpoliticallegitimacy（政治的合理性）anddemocraticpower.Piggy’sGlasses(猪崽子的眼镜)representthepowerofscienceandintellectualendeavor（知识的探寻）insociety.Thesignalfire(信号火堆)asakindofmeasuringstickbywhichthestrengthofthecivilizedinstinctontheislandcanbejudged.（测量文明天性的尺码）Thebeast(野兽)whichfrightensalltheboys,standsfortheprimalinstinctofsavagerythatexistswithinallhumanbeings.(人类心中原始野蛮天性)Thelordoftheflies(蝇王)isthebloodysow’sheadthatJackimpalesonastrakeinforestthebeast,asymbolofthepoweroftheevil,andakindofSatanicfigurewhoevokesthebeastwithineachhumanbeing.(蝇王是一直血淋淋的母猪头，杰克将其钉在了林中空地的一根木棒上作为献给野兽的供品，象征了邪恶的力量，而且成为撒旦式的形象唤起每个人心中的兽性)“蝇王”来源于希伯来语，原词为“Beelzebub”(又有说此词出自阿拉伯语)。在英语中，“蝇王”则是粪便与丑恶之王（或污物之王），在《圣经》中，“Beelzebub”被当作“万恶之首”。在小说里，蝇王不只是象征着丑恶的悬挂着的猪头，更代表的是人性最深层的黑暗面，是无法避免的劣根性。WhatdoesitmeantosaythatLordoftheFliesisanallegoricalnovel?LordoftheFliesisanallegoricalnovelbecauseitsimportantcharactersandobjectsdirectlyrepresentthebook’sthemesandideas.IsthereadifferencebetweenRalphandSimonintheirgoodness?Thetwoboysaremotivatedtowardgoodnessbydifferentsources.ForSimon,goodnessisnotarestraintforcesuponhimbycivilization.Instead,hisgoodnessseemstoflowfromhisconnectiontonature.Inthecontrast,liketheotherboys,Ralphiscapableofmoralbehavior,butthisbehaviorseemslearnedratherthaninnate.Liketheothers,heissweptup