2016高考英语二轮总复习课件 阅读理解专题：专题三

推理判断题推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题包括很多种，但主要考查推断隐含意义、推断目标、推断写作意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断)，learnabout(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。解答这类题的一般步骤是：1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2．字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3．深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。选择答案时，注意排除以下干扰项，以便缩小选择范围：1．原文信息的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)2．推理过度的片面结论。3．与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。4．符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选)此外，可采用主旨推断法：在理解短文大意，明确文章主旨的基础上，进行推断，从而得出符合情理的结论。解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。同时要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及内容的每个句子的意思，还要推断出它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时考生务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分——推理的前提，从中推断出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。【典例1】Pullingheavysuitcasesalldayinthesummerishardwork，especiallywhenyou'reathin14year-old.Thatwasmein1940—theyoungestandsmallestbaggageboyatNewYorkCity'sPennsylvaniaRailwayStation.Afterjustafewdaysonthejob，Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswereoverchargingpassengers.I'dliketojointhem，thinking，“Everyoneelseisdoingit.”WhenIgothomethatnight，ItoldmydadwhatIwantedtodo.“Yougiveanhonestday'swork，”hesaid，lookingatmestraightintheeye.“They'repayingyou.Iftheywanttodothat，youletthemdothat.”68．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthebaggageboys?A．Theycouldearnmuch，buttheyhadtoworkhard.B．Manyofthemearnedmoneyinadishonestway.C．Theywereallfrompoorfamilies.D．Theywereallthin，youngboys.69．Whatdoesthefather'sadviceimply?A．Itiswrongtogivemorepaytothepassengers.B．Don'tbelievethemiftheyarepayingyoumore.C．Don'tfollowotherstooverchargethepassengers.D．Itisdifficulttoworkhardandliveasanhonestboy.解析第68题，由第二段的Ibegannoticingthattheotherfellowswereoverchargingpassengers(其他同伴都多收旅客的钱)和Everyoneelseisdoingit(别人个个都这样做)可推出，选B。“多收”就是通过欺诈的方式赚钱。第69题，在第三段找到父亲的话，“如果他们那样做，你让他们那样去做(欺诈旅客的钱)”，言外之意是，“你不要那样去做”，故选C。【典例2】(天津，D)体裁：议论文话题：个人情感Whenaskedabouthappiness，weusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary，anabsolutedelight，whichseemstogetrarertheolderweget.Forkids，happinesshasamagicalquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved(毫无掩饰的)．Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit'sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitement，loveandpopularity.Icanstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemostattractiveboyattheschoolparty.Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoy—love，marriage，birth—alsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Foradults，happinessiscomplicated(复杂的)．Mydefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”．Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave，thehappierweare.It'seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriends，thefreedomtolivewhereweplease，andevengoodhealth.Iexperiencedmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting，whichIlove.Whenthekidsandmyhusbandcamehome，Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idon'tthinkthatmygrandmother，whoraised14children，hadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanetworkofclosefriendsandfamily，andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.We，however，withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryarea，haveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe'vegottohave.We'resoselfconsciousaboutour“right”toitthatit'smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess，withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren'tnecessarilyhappier.Happinessisn'taboutwhathappenstous—it'sabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It'stheskillfulwayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative.It'snotwishingforwhatwedon'thave，butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.【语篇导读】本文为议论文。题材为个人情感与人际关系。文章介绍了随着我们年龄的增加和对成功追求压力的加大，我们逐渐忽略了身边快乐的存在。在生活中容易满足的人会更快乐。1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraphs5and6?A．Shecareslittleaboutherownhealth.B．Sheenjoysthefreedomoftraveling.C．Sheiseasilypleasedbythingsindailylife.D．Sheprefersgettingpleasurefromhousework.解析推理判断题。第五段主要讲了作者对快乐的理解：我们越享受我们所拥有的，我们就会越快乐。第六段主要讲了作者的一次经历，孩子和丈夫的吵闹声也让作者感受到了快乐。所以这两段我们可以得知作者很容易从日常生活中感到快乐。而A、B、D三项并未提及，故选C项。答案C2．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph7?A．Psychologiststhinksatisfyingworkiskeytohappiness.B．Psychologists'opinioniswellprovedbyGrandma'scase.C．Grandmaoftenfoundtimeforsocialgatherings.D．Grandma'shappinesscamefrommodestexpectationsoflife.解析推理判断题。本段心理学家认为快乐的来源是有可以享受的休闲时间和令人满意的工作。而作者的奶奶对于心理学家认为的快乐来源都没有，但是有自己的朋友和亲人，这或许是让奶奶满意也是快乐的事情。故选D项(奶奶的快乐来自于对生活适度的期盼。)答案D3．Peoplewhoequalhappinesswithwealthandsuccess______.A．considerpressuresomethingblockingtheirwayB．stresstheirrighttohappinesstoomuchC．areatalosstomakecorrectchoicesD．aremorelikelytobehappy解析推理判断题。第八段告诉我们：在每个领域我们有太多的选择和追求成功的压力，我们已经把快乐变成了另外一个东西，甚至把它等同于财富和成功，但是我们没有注意到其实拥有财富和成功的人不一定更快乐。故选B项。答案B4．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．Happinessliesbetweenthepositiveandthenegative.B．Eachmanisthemasterofhisownfate.C．Successleadstohappiness.D．Happyishewhoiscontent.解析推理判断题。本篇文章的中心段是最后一段。在最后一段作者指出我们的快乐不是去期望我们没有得到的东西，而是要享受我们所拥有的。故选D项。答案D