钙肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量和品质的影响

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2008,34(5):879−885:[e-mail]基金项目:(2001BA507A-07);(2006BAD21B04-9);(Y2003D02)作者简介:(1980–)*(Correspondingauthor):(1963–)[e-mail]():2007-05-18;Accepted(:2007-11-15.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2008.00879钙肥不同用量对花生生理特性及产量和品质的影响周录英李向东*王丽丽汤笑林英杰(/,271018):,,,,(SOD)(POD)(CAT),(MDA),,/(O/L),,,CaO300kg:;;;EffectsofDifferentCaApplicationsonPhysiologicalCharacteristics,YieldandQualityinPeanutZHOULu-Ying,LIXiang-Dong*,WANGLi-Li,TANGXiao,andLINYing-Jie(CollegeofAgronomy,StateKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai’an271018,Shandong,China)Abstract:Calcium,associatedwiththeyieldformationandqualityimprovementinpeanut,isoneoftheimportantnutrientele-mentsinpeanutgrowthanddevelopment.Toinvestigatethepropercalciumapplyingamountandtheeffectsonphysiologicalcharacteristics,yieldandqualityinpeanut(Arachishypogea),fourtreatmentsof0(CK),150,300,and450kgha−1ofCaOweresetbytopdressingatseedlingstageusingpeanutcultivarFenghua1intheExperimentalStationofShandongAgriculturalUni-versityin2004and2005withrandomizedcompleteblockdesignandthreereplications.Theresultsshowedthemainstemheightandbranchlengthwereshortened,chlorophyllcontentandleafphotosyntheticrateraised,theactivitiesofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),andcatlase(CAT),andthesolubleproteincontentincreasedbutthecontentofalipidperoxidationproduct,malondialdeyde(MDA)contentdecreasedwiththeCaapplication.TheCatreatmentsignificantlyincreasedtotalpodandkernelweightbecauseoftheincreaseofpodweight,kernelrateandpodnumberperplant.TheCatreatmentincreasednotonlythecontentoffatandproteininpeanutkernel,butalsotheratioofoleicacidtolinoleicacid(O/L),andthecontentsoflysineandmethionine.Itwassug-gestedthat300kgha−1Caapplicationgavethehighestyieldandthegoodqualityinthepeanutseed.Keywords:Peanut;Cafertilizer;Physiologicalcharacteristics;Yieldandquality,,,[1],,,,,[2],[3],,88034[4-25],100kg2.0~2.5kg,[20],,,,,;,,;,[26],,[16-24],/,,1材料与方法1.12004200587.74mgkg−1,13.48mgkg−1,76.99mgkg−1,86.59mgkg−11,510,40cm20cm,2,25;,CaO150kghm−2300kghm−2450kghm−23,,,CaK,15000kghm−215m2,3,3,;40d()55d()70d()10,/(920),,1.21.2.1净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)CIRAS-210:0014:001.2.2叶绿素含量Arnon[27]1.2.3籽仁品质[28],[29],[28],25mL;1mL7mL,1mLKOH-4mL(),1~2h;,4℃20000×g10min;GC-2010,30.0m0.53mm1μm,N2,27mLmin−140mLmin−1400mLmin-1,FID,200℃10min,230℃(10℃min−1)7min,250,℃250,℃75kPa,1μL1.2.4SOD、POD、CAT活性及可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量测定,,0.5g,5mLpH7.8,,,20000×g20min,,0~4℃[30]SOD,SOD(NBT),NBT50%;[31]POD;Chance[32]CAT;G250[33];[34]MDA2结果与分析2.1Ca1,表1钙肥不同用量对花生植株性状的影响Table1EffectofdifferentCaapplicationamountsonsometraitsinpeanutCaCaamountMainstemheight(cm)Branchlength(cm)Branchnumber150kghm−243.33bB49.50bAB10.7bB300kghm−246.67bAB50.00abAB12.0bAB450kghm−245.33bB44.25cB11.8bB052.17aA54.42aA14.0aA200420051%5%Thedatainthetablearetheaveragevaluesof2004and2005.Valuesfollowedbydifferentcapitalandsmalllettersaresignifi-cantlydifferentat1%and5%probabilitylevels,respectively.5:881,H2O22O−,PODCAT3,SODPODCAT,SODPOD,,,,,,[18,21,26]2.2Ca2.2.1花生叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率(Pn)及气孔导度(Gs)2,,;(),(),,,2.2.3花生叶片可溶性蛋白质和MDA含量,CO2RuBPCase50%,MDA,MDA(3),2.2.2花生叶片SOD、POD和CAT酶活性SODPODCAT3,SOD表2钙肥不同用量对花生叶片光合速率及气孔导度的影响(2005年)Table2EffectofdifferentapplyingamountofCafertilizeronchlorophyllcontent,photosynthesisrate(Pn)andstomatalconduc-tance(Cs)inpeanutleaves(2005)PodsettingstagePodfillingstageCaCaamountPn(μmolCO2m−2s−1)Gs(cms−1)Chl(a+b)(mgg−1)Pn(μmolCO2m−2s−1)Gs(cms−1)Chl(a+b)(mgg−1)150kghm−218.90bA517.67aA2.32aA13.65bB220.50aA1.88aA300kghm−221.27abA482.67aA2.37aA15.20aA223.50aA1.88aA450kghm−222.00aA501.67aA2.38aA14.13bB226.00aA1.86aA018.50bA339.33bA2.10bB10.60cC230.33aA1.71bB1%5%812,830Valuesfollowedbydifferentcapitalandsmalllettersaresignificantlydifferentat1%and5%probabilitylevels,respectively.Thede-terminationofpodsettingstagewasonAugust12andthatofpodfillingstagewasonAugust30.表3Ca不同用量对花生叶片中蛋白质、MDA含量及SOD、CAT、POD活性的影响(饱果期)Table3EffectofdifferentapplyingamountofCaonthesolubleproteinandMDAcontentsandtheactivitiesofSOD,POD,andCATinpodfillingstageinpeanutleavesCaCaamountSOD(unitg−1FM)POD(470g−1FMmin−1)CAT(H2O2mgg−1FMmin−1)Solubleprotein(mgg−1FM)MDA(μmolg−1FM)150kghm−2596.57bB15.34bcB0.65aA22.98aA3.40cB300kghm−2685.14aA17.95abAB0.57aAB21.47aA3.52cB450kghm−2717.91aA20.59aA0.57aAB21.13aAB4.40bAB0573.32bB13.75cB0.43bB16.59bB5.45aA200420051%5%Thedatainthetablearetheaveragevaluesof2004and2005.Valuesfollowedbydifferentcapitalandsmalllettersaresignificantlydifferentat1%and5%probabilitylevels,respectively.882342.3Ca4,,300kghm-2,,,2.4Ca5,,300kghm−28,,,,1%8,90%,,;/(O/L),O/L,,/,,,1,40d(,),40d55d(,),55d(,),,表4钙肥不同用量对花生产量构成因素的影响Table4EffectofdifferentapplyingamountofCaonyieldanditscomponentsinpeanutCaCaamountYield(kghm−2)Kenelyield(kghm−2)()Podsperplant()PodsperkgKernelratetopod(%)150kghm−24446.67aA3103.87bA11.3abA572.05bcA69.00aA300kghm−24653.34aA3210.57aA11.5abA561.81cA69.80aA450kghm−24518.32aA3132.54abA12.7aA592.78abA69.33aA04016.67bB2693.89cB10.3bA604.49aA67.07bA200420051%5%Thedata