chapter8黑大跨文化教学课件

大学英语跨文化交际Chapter8CulturalinfluencesonContexts黑龙江大学外语部IdiomsLivetogetherlikebrothersanddobusinesslikestrangers.—ArabProverbEducationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingofafire.—WiliamButlerYeatsTherearesomeremediesworsethanthedisease.—PubliliusSyrusLearningobjectives:Chapter8CulturalInfluencesintheContextsLead-incase:HowDoStudentsLearn?Chapter11GlobalSocialCustomsandBusinessEtiquetteChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextChapterOutlineCulturalInfluencesonContextsBusinessEtiquetteNormsCulture'sInfluenceRoleBehaviorsofStudentsandTeachersCulture'sInfluenceFamilyandGenderRolesTheBusinessContextTheEducationalContextTheHealthCareContextCommunicationandContextClassroomParticipationConversationalStructuresandLanguageManagementTurnTakingCulture'sInfluenceCommunicationisinfluencedbyexternalenvironment:allhumaninteractionisinfluencedtosomedegreebythesocial,physical,andculturalsettingsinwhichitoccurs.Thisisknownasthecommunicationcontext.Threebasicassumptionsabouthumancommunication:CommunicationisrulegovernedContextsspecifytheappropriaterulesRulesareculturaldiverseTEXTACommunicationandContextChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextCommunicationisrulegovernedPeopleexpectculturallydeterminedpatternsofbehaviororrulestogoverntheirinteractionstherulesdifferdependingonthecontext.Chapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextContextsspecifytheappropriaterulesContextsasaclassroom,bank,church,hospital,courtroom,wedding,orfuneraldeterminewhichcommunicationrulesapplyChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextbankChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextfuneralRulesareculturallydiverseAlthoughcultureshavemanyofthesamesocialsettingsorcontexts,theymayemploydifferentrules.Consequently,conceptsofdress,time,language,manners,nonverbalbehavior,andcontrolofthecommunicationflowcandiffersignificantlyamongcultures..Chapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextTEXTBTheBusinessContextCulture’sInfluenceontheBusinessContextManagementBusinessEtiquetteNormsChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextCulture’sInfluenceontheBusinessContextBusinessnegotiationisintertwinedwithculturalexchange.Thisreallyisduetoglobalization,whichisaresultofgrowthinU.S.andforeignmultinationalindustriessincethe1960s.Chapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextManagement“Management”canbevieweddifferentlyfromculturetoculture.1.ManagementInChina2.ManagementintheUnitedStates3.ManagementinGermany4.ManagementinJapan5.ManagementinFrance6.ManagementinMexicoandLatinAmericaChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContext1.ManagementInChinaChinesebusinessvaluesemphasizekinship,interpersonalconnections,respectforelders,andhierarchy.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContexts2.ManagementintheUnitedStatesIntheUnitedStates,themanagerisaculturalhero.DominantmanagerialvaluesintheUnitedStatesinclude“achievementandsuccess,beliefinhardwork,pragmatism,optimism,Puritanism,rationality,impersonalityininterpersonalworkrelationships,equalityofopportunity,acceptanceofcompetition,andindividualism.”Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContexts3.ManagementinGermanyInGermany,themanagerisnotaculturalhero.Infact,Germansdonothaveaverystrongconceptofmanagement.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContexts4.ManagementinJapantheJapanesedonotshareastrongsenseofmanagement.Forthem,thekeycomponentoftheorganizationisthe“workergroup.”Managers,sectionchiefsordepartmentheads,value“groupism,harmony,acceptanceofhierarchyinworkrelationships,senseofobligation,debtoflowerlevelpersonneltosuperiors,andconsensualdecisionmaking.”Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContexts5.ManagementinFranceInFrance,managersactinverysuperiorroles.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContexts6.ManagementinMexicoandLatinAmericaTheMexicanandLatinAmericanmanagerialstylehasoftenbeencharacterizedasautocratic(独裁的)andpaternalistic（家长式作风）.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContextsBusinessEtiquetteNormsAppointmentseekingTheDateforBusinessGreetingbehaviorGiftgivingChapter8CulturalInfluencesonContextAppointmentseekingWhendoingbusinessinChina,itisimportanttoestablishcontactsbeforeinvestinginatrip.InmuchofLatinAmerica,appointmentsmustbemadeamonthinadvancebymailortelephoneandthenfolloweduponeweekbeforethemeetingTodobusinessinSaudiArabia,youmusthaveasponsoractasanintermediary,makeappointment,andarrangemeetings.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContextsTheDateforBusinessInSaudiArabia,nobusinessisconductedduringAid-al-Fitr—thethree-dayfestivalofbreakingfastattheendofthemonthofRamadan—andAid-al-Adha—thethree-dayfeastofsacrifice.InJapan,businessisnotconductedduringNewYear’sholidays,GoldenWeek(April29toMay5),andObon(inmid-August),becausemanypeopletraveltothegravesoftheirancestors.InIsrael,theJewishholyday,theSabbathbeginsatsunsetonFridayandendsatsunsetonSaturday.Chapter8CulturalInfluenceonContextsGreetingbehaviorChinesepeopleusuallyofferabriefhandshakeonmeeting,butamorecommonformofgreetingisanodorbowfromtheshouldersInAmerican,Bothmenandwomenshakehandsonmeetingandleaving.Asmallkissonthecheekorahugisappropriatebetweenwomenorbetweenmenandwomenwhohaveknowneachotherforalongtime.InSaudiArabia,greetingsinvolvenumeroushandshakesandtendtobeexpressiveandelaborateInFinl