2020届高考英语一轮复习-形容词副词比较级教学课件-(共22张PPT)

高三英语组语法项目二：形容词和副词的比较级最高级构成法比较级，最高级的使用走进高考构成法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er,esttallcheaptallercheapertallestcheapest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加r,stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest-ow/-y-le结尾的双音节形容词，narrowbusy，angry，able，gentle注意：cruel双写l加er以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词,变y为i,再加er,-est以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加er,estbigthinbiggerthinnerbiggestthinnest部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前加more,most来构成比较级和最高级importantmoreimportantmostimportant注意:两种形式有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词尾加er和est的形式,也可采用在单词前加more和most的形式,Clever,handsome,stupid,BitterSimpleCommon2.副词的比较级和最高级1)大多数以ly结尾的副词在其前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。如：quickly—morequickly—mostquicklycarefully—morecarefully—mostcarefully2)单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加er构成比较级,加est构成最高级。如：hard—harder—hardestfast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliest原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarFarther,furtherfarthest,furthestoldolder,elderoldest,eldest3.几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级Ihavetotravelfurther/farthertoworknow.距离（具体））Let’sconsiderthispointfurther.程度或幅度（抽象）Older古老的；年长的，elder,血缘关系年长的，只作定语myolder/eldersisterHealthy,______often,______clever,______able,_____great,_____excited,_______shy,_______busy_______pretty,_____stupid,_______free,________bad,_______disappointed,____interesting,_______common,_______quickly,_____fast,_____big,______gentle,_____bitter____(1)abit,alittle,rather,any,much/many,far,agreat/gooddeal,alot,still,even等用于比较级之前,表示确定的程度。It’salittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.今天比昨天冷一点。Heistwoyearsolderthanme.＝他比我年长两岁。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.他工作比以前更努力。Heisolderthanmebytwoyears.(2)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，byfar，nearly，almost，thesecond/third…ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的一座。I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.我想买第二贵的相机。黄河是中国第二长河。一、形容词、副词的比较等级用法1．“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。①Actually,JackisasoldasJim.事实上，杰克和吉姆(年龄)一样大。②Hedoesn’trunso/asfastashisyoungerbrother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。3.“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示程度递增。e.g.Sheplaysthepianomoreandmorebeautifully.Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.事情变得越来越好4.“no＋比较级＋than...”意为“都不”,是对两者的共同否定,侧重前者;“not＋比较级＋than...”意为“不及”,表示前者不如后者,隐含对两者的肯定,侧重后者。e.g.HeisnotallerthanI.Myhandwritingisnotbetterthanyours.5,“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo(＋名词)”,表示“两者中较……的一个”。e.g.Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister.HedidnobetterthanI.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,thebetterof_which___hasbeenmadeintoaTVseries.6.“the＋比较级,the＋比较级”表示两种情况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于状语从句,不能用将来时态。e.g.ThemoremedicineItake,theworseIseemtofeel.Theyoungeryouare,theeasieritistolearn.你年纪越轻，学习就越容易。7.the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围“……之中最……”,用于三者或三者以上的比较。同类范畴用of,不同类用in。e.g.Hetalks(the)leastanddoes(the)mostinhisclass.Heisthefastestrunnerofthethreeboys.三个人中，他跑得最快anyother+单数名词all(the)other+复数名词anyoneelseanyoftheother+复数名词therestof+复数名词或不可数名词1）比较级＋than＋8比较级句型表示最高级意义:2）.not/never＋比较级“没有比这更……的了”。e.g.Hisworkcouldn’tbeworse.Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.他的工作最糟糕这是我度过的最令人焦虑的一天。判定方法应用体验当括号中所给提示词是形容词或副词，而空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。①(2017·浙江高考)Sixteenyears(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof(great)andlessimportance.③(2017·绵阳市模拟)TheLondonUndergroundisthe(old)undergroundrailwaynetworkintheworld.earliergreateroldest自主练悟①(2018·桂林市联考)Tothem,lifeisacompetition—theyhavetodo_______(good)thantheirpeerstobehappy.②(2018·菏泽市模拟)Peoplewhoforgiveshow____(little)angerandmorehopefulness.③(2019·成都市模拟)IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultin_____(much)fighting.④(2019·上饶市模拟)Mylifeisalot_____(easy)athighschoolbecausemyfellowstudentshaveacceptedme.⑤(2018·揭阳市模拟)Certainstoresofferdiscountsofupto70%oreven______(high)ifpeopleusetheircreditcards.betterlessmoreeasierhigher自主练悟⑥(2018·淮北市模拟)Themoreyouthinkaboutit,the______(hard)youwillfallasleep.⑦(2019·安徽师大附中阶段性测试)Justbeinggreetedatthedoorwasajoy.Theycouldn’tbe________(happy)whenseeingme.⑧(2019·成都市检测)Itisthe_______(old)andonlysurvivingnodamirrigationsystemintheworld.⑨(2018·绵阳市模拟)Antarctica,thecoldestplaceonEarth,isthefifth_______(large)continentintheworld.(2018·银川九中模拟)Ofallthecitiesintheworld,oneofthetopsix_________(healthy)citiesisCopenhagen,Denmark.harderhappieroldestlargesthealthiest○10