医学博士英语写作总结

医学博士英语写作总结一、原则与要求：不直译原文，抓主要论点，果断舍弃次要内容，突出新点，论点清晰,主要写中长句子！！2－5个长句！不写或少写短句！！一般真题范例在10－15句左右。二、现场写作技巧①划线，划出实质性，实词性句子。②翻译标题，有标题就译，没有标题不能加。③末尾重复标题，首尾呼应。精简医学考博写作常用核心词汇1.下降、减少reduction，decrease，decline，diminution,drop，descend，go/comedown，fall；上升、增加rise;goup;ascend；increase;2.禽流感H1N1flubirdflu/avianflu;食品安全foodsafety;3.公共卫生突发事件publichealthemergencies;应急反应immediateresponseto;4.关注民生concern(focuson,payattentionto)people’slivelihood/well-being;5.城乡卫生体系urban-ruralmedicalandhealthsystem6.预防保健DiseasePreventionandHealthcare，服务体系servicesystem；7.讲究卫生payattentiontohygiene；个人和环境卫生personalandenvironmentalhygiene8.lite清淡的；protein-complementeddiet蛋白添加饮食；9.preventiveinitiatives=preventivemeasures预防的措施10.人畜共患病zoonosis＝anthropozoonosis.人兽共患病，11.虫媒insectpollination；虫媒传染病insect-borne/arthropod-borneinfectiousdisease：12.肾病综合征：nephrotic/renalsyndrome；13.epidemichemorrhagicfever流行性出血热；14.爆发流行：breakout,explode;anepidemicoutbreakof,explosion15.传染：infect/infection/infectious,communicate/communicable,contagion/contagious,transmission/transmittable；communicable可传达的,会传染的,爱说话的[医]有传染性的;communicativea.健谈的,爱说话的,交际的16.传播途径routeoftransmission,birdflutransmitsbyair/wind；persontopersontransmission17.传播,散布：diffuse，prevalence，spread，transmit，disseminate，propagate/propagation18.污染pollution/pollute，contamination/contaminate19.福祉well-being,happiness；20.衰老growold；aging；consenescence；senility；senile21.frombadtoworse每况愈下；akinto=similarto相似的；Purulent脓的,化脓的22.脂肪肝fattyliver;血压hypertension23.肠癌CancerofRectumandColon；亚健康sub-health24.过劳死karoshi;deathfromoverwork25.长期以来foralongtime;overtheyears26.养生preserveone'shealth;nourishingoflife;keepingoodhealth27.分类bedividedinto＝fallintothreecategories＝begroupedaccordingtotheirorigin,intothreeclasses.＝becategorizedaccordingto/beroughlyclassifiedintothreekinds.28.基本职责=basic/fundamental/essential/elementaryduties/responsibilities/obligations；基本原则fundamentalprinciple/rule,basicruleorprinciple;29.morals,morality,ethics均含“道德”之意。morals多用于实践方面，指按习惯或社会公认的道德标准，尤指男女之间关系的道德。morality指符合道德标准的行为，或用道德标准衡量某事，既指社会的又指个人的道德。ethics多用于伦理方面，指符合于伦理学中所指的好的行为，常指公平正真地对人对事的品德。30.民众the(general)public，themassesofthepeople，thecommonpeople；合作者co-worker;collaborator;copartner;coagent;31.死亡人数deathtoll，deaths，thenumberofpeoplekilledin/dyingfromThedeathtollisexpectedtorise.Thedeathtollcontinuestorise.Therehavebeenmoredeathsfromdrowning.Howmuchisthedeathtoll?死亡人数是多少？32.归结为boildownto；comedownto；归因为/归功于beattributableto、beattributedto、ascribeorattribute…to、owe…to;归咎于layorputtheblameonsb、blame…on、ascribeorattribute…to、impute…to。33.大规模onalargescale，extensive，large-scale，massive；大规模流行large-scaletransmission，becomeapandemic，massiveattack/outbreak34.表面上onthesurface,apparently,ostensibly,superficial,seemingly;因果关系cause-and-effectrelationship,causalrelationship/relations;孤立现象anisolatedphenomenon；复杂的complicated，complex，sophisticated，intricate；极端复杂性extreme/exceedingcomplexity/complicacy。35.低保basiclivingallowances/subsistenceallowances；养老保险endowmentinsurance；退休养老金retirementpension；HealthCareReform医疗改革36.激烈运动strenuousexercise；vigorousactivity；37.月经期menstrualperiod38.生活的节奏thetempo/thepaceoflife;alifeofquick/fastpace39.婴幼儿保健theinfanthealthcare40.安乐死euthanasia；41.得绝症的terminallyill；42.临终关怀=HospiceCare=end-of-lifecare濒临死亡的病人：dyingpatients，terminallyillpatients，incurablepatient43.SecondhandSmoking，alsocalled“involuntarysmoking”or“passivesmoking”.摘要作文写作模板对某个生活或卫生习惯的告戒或提示类的文章一、正面陈述问题一、第一段的第一句，也就是全文的主题句（topicsentenceofthewholesummary）：用中文总结出来一句：本文揭示了/说明了一个问题。。。：Thisarticlerevealsthat_____________hasbecomeoneoftheprominentissueswhicharecloselyrelatedwithpeople’shealth/ofthemodernChinesesociety/intheareaofantibioticsalone.如早餐问题已经成为了与人们健康息息相关的突出问题；或也可以说成了社会问题；也可以说成了某个领域的问题(抗生素领域)。Mostpeopletakeitforgrantedthat____should_____.However,itisnotalwaysthecase.很多人都想当然地认为什么应该怎么样。然而事实并非如此。（这几个句子要看情况，并不是都有用的，如果文章中出现了这样的句子“很多人都想当然觉得早餐不是那么重要-Mostpeopletakeitforgrantedthatbreakfastisnotsignificant”，但是实际上不是这样的，那么就可以用到这个句子）Scientistsfoundthattheseproblemsareactuallycausedby_irrationaldietsandeatinghabits__.（科学家们发现这些问题是由什么引起的，如老年人的心脏血管等问题，然而实际上是因为不当饮食习惯造成的）Thisisindicatedinasurveyrecentlymadeinshanghaibywho.（该观点由谁在上海做的一个调查报告中可以得出），也就是如果你这篇文章是由卫生部的报告（report）中得出的，或指出的，那么就可以这么写。如果并是的，那么这个句子可以不写。二、第二段Firstly,balanced/regular….isespeciallygoodforthehealthof…首先，平衡什么的饮食尤其对什么好。Inaddition,…shouldbesuggestedto…,largelybecauseithelpspeopleto…此外，什么应该多选用于干什么，主要是因为它帮助人们什么。Furthermore,itishelpfultoreducethepossibilitiesofbeinginthedangerofsufferingfromcardiovasculardiseases.再者，它能帮助减少患心血管疾病的危险的几率。Finally,butnottheleastpointisthatfatandoilyfoodusuallyattributetocardiovasculardiseases.Therefore,itisbettertotakeinlightfoodinsteadoffatandoilyfood.最后，但并非最后一点就是油腻的食物常导致心血管疾病，所以应该选用油份较少的食物而不是过分油腻的食物。Itcommonlyleadstocardiovasculardiseases.Itusuallyattributestocardiovasculardiseases.常常导致心血管疾病.三、第三段Ingeneral,abalanceddiet,morevegetablefoodinsteadoffatfoodisofthefirstsignificancetothehealthoftheagedandalonglife.总而言之，一个平衡的饮食，多吃蔬菜而少吃油腻的食物是对老人来说是保持健康长寿的最重要的因素。Ingeneral,aregularhabitofworkandrest,morehigh-qualityofsleepingin