英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别

第1页共8页动名词与现在分词用法的区别动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词或副词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。1．动名词用作主语.ReadingFrenchiseasierthanspeakingit.阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smokingcancausecancer.吸烟会致癌。Growingrosesisherhobby.种玫瑰是她的爱好。2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面It’sniceseeingyouagain.再次见到你太好了。Itwastiringdrivingfrommorningtillnight.从早到晚开车很累人。It’sawondermeetingyouhere.在这里碰到你真是奇迹。Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本书是浪费时间。3.“Thereis+no”后可以用动名词作主语Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很难说。Therewasnoarguingwithher.没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.我建议结束会议。Soyoupreferlivingabroad?这样说你更愿意住在国外？Hekeptcomplaining.他不停地抱怨。Ifinishedreadingthebooklastnight.这书我昨晚看完了。2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.他现在不踢足球了。Priceskeeponincreasing.价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。第2页共8页Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）Livinginthecountry,wehadfewsocialengagements.我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）Havingmoney,hewillbuyabiggercar.（表条件）Knowingthesecret,shewouldnottellmeaboutit..（表让步）Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果）Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况）四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。1．动名词用作表语Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊。Themainthingisgettingthereintime.首要的事是及时到达那里。2．现在分词用作表语Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thedaywassocharming.天气真是好极了。Thedifferencewasmoststriking.差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即:现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候车室sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停车场sleepingpill安眠药writingdesk写字桌sewingmachine缝纫机writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术室checkingaccount活期账户第3页共8页divingsuit潜水衣readingroom阅览室divingboard跳板playingground运动场washingmachine洗衣机boxingcompetition拳击比赛washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演讲比赛fishingpole钓鱼杆fishingline钓鱼线2．现在分词作定语developingcountries发展中国家aboomingtown日渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑theexistingcondition现有条件theremainingdays剩下的岁月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要报纸therulingclass统治阶级livingthings有生命的东西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成长的一代六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役动词如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1．动名词用作补语IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning是主语补语）2．现在分词用作补语Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我们发现他等着欢迎我们。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我们使火一直燃烧着。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddrive.他们说这青年积极肯干。Hewasseengoingupstairs.有人看见他上楼。第4页共8页现在分词和动名词练习（1）现在分词1.Theoldfarmer,________thebadly-injuredandwoundedsoldier,cameoutoftheburninghouse,________forhelp.A.supporting;callingB.supportedby;calledC.beingsupportedby;calledD.beingsupporting;called2.---Oh,it’salreadyaquarterpastsix.Whatshallwedoatthemeetingthisevening?----We’llgoonwiththematter________thisafternoon.A.bediscussedB.beingdiscussingC.discussedD.whichdiscussed3.Thebravemandied,________hisyoungwifenothingbuta________cottage.A.left;breakingB.leaving;brokenC.left;brokenD.toleave;breaking4.________hardbefore,Tomisafraidoffailingintheexam.A.HavingbeenworkedB.NottohaveworkedC.HavingneverworkedD.Neverhaveworked5.________theexam,theboywaspunishedbyhisfather.A.NopassingB.HavingpassedC.NotpassingD.Nothavingpassed6.Time________,Icanhavedoneitbetter.A.permitB.bepermittedC.permittingD.topermit7.________,theboycouldn’tenterhishouse.A.SincethekeyhaslostB.ThekeybeenlostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey8.________intomanylanguages,thestoryiswellknownallovertheworldnow.A.BeingtranslatedB.HavingtranslatedC.TobetranslatedD.Havingbeentranslated9.________fortheterribleaccident,asthepublicthought,themayorfeltnervousandwasatalosswhattodo.A.HavingblamedB.ToblameC.BeingtobeblameD.Beingtoblame10.________fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.第5页共8页A.SufferedB.TosufferC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered11.________fromwhathesaid,hemustbethethiefwhohasstolenthecar.A.JudgingB.JudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge12.________withfright,ahungryfoxhidhimselfinasmallcave,________histailtotherain.A.Trembling;exposingB.Trembled;exposedC.Trembled;exposingD.Trembling;exposed13.Manyteacherswerepraisedatthemeeting,Mr.Zhou________.A.includingB.beingincludingC.toincludeD.included14.----Whowerethosepeoplewiththeflags?----Agroup________itselftheLeagueofPeace.A.callsB.callingC.calledD.beingcalled15.________youthetruth,sheknowsnothingaboutit.A.TellB.TellingC.TotellD.Told16.Wesleptwiththelight________allnightlonglastnight.A.burntB.toburn