毕业设计--某住宅楼采暖系统设计

1毕业设计说明书（论文）题目徐州某住宅楼采暖系统设计课程名称供热工程系部能源与动力工程学院专业建筑环境与设备工程2摘要近年来，伴随着国民经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求有所提高。其不仅表现在对物质的追求有所提高，与此同时，对自身的生活环境要求也比过去更高。在过去，夏天高温季节，每家每户都会开空调，让自己呆在舒适的环境下，然而到了寒冷的冬天，许多人由于承担不起高额的电费费用，就不会开空调保持舒温，忍受着寒冷的冬季。而有些人则会用古老的办法取暖：炭炉，但这种取暖方式严重污染了环境，同时产生的一氧化碳等有毒气体都留在室内，对人体造成不良影响。为了避免这些问题又能让人不禁受严寒，供暖系统的发明改变了住宅区的一切。现在市场上开盘的楼房有很多供暖系统形式，大同小异，不外乎就是中央空调系统和采暖系统。多数小区用的都是供暖系统，经济高效便是其优点。采暖系统常用的热媒有水、蒸汽、空气。以热水作为热媒的采暖系统称为热水采暖系统。热水采暖系统的热能利用率高，输送时无效热损失较小，散热设备不易腐蚀，使用周期长，且散热设备表面温度低，符合卫生要求;系统操作方便，运行安全，易于实现供水温度的集中调节，系统蓄热能力高，散热均匀，适于远距离输送。系统中的水在锅炉中被加热到所需要的温度，并用循环水泵作动力使水沿供水管流入各用户，散热后回水沿水管返回锅炉，水不断地在系统中循环流动。系统在运行过程中的漏水量或被用户消耗的水量由补给水泵把经水处理装置处理后的水从回水管补充到系统内，补水量的多少可通过压力调节阀控制。膨胀水箱设在系统最高处，用以接纳水因受热后膨胀的体积。热水供暖系统按动力循环的不同可以分为重力循环系统和机械循环系统；按供回水方式不同可以分为单管系统和双管系统，同时热媒也有低温水和高温水。而室内设计的一般采用低温水做热媒:95℃/70℃。本次设计就是对住宅楼进行的热水供暖系统设计，采用低温水做热媒，上供下回，单管异程不等温形式。关键字：热水采暖系统、膨胀水箱、中央空调系统、动力循环3AbstractInrecentyears,withthedevelopmentofnationaleconomy,peopledemandforqualityoflifeimproved.Itsperformancenotonlyinthepursuitofmaterial,atthesametime,alsototheirownlivingenvironmentrequirementishigherthaninthepast.Inthepast,thehightemperatureinsummerseason,everyhouseholdwillopenairconditioning,letoneselfstayinacomfortableenvironment,inthecoldwinter,however,becausemanypeoplecan'taffordthehighcostofelectricity,willnotopenairconditioningtokeepShuWen,endurethecoldwinter.Andsomepeoplewillusetheoldwayofheating:charcoalstove,butthiskindofheatingwayseriouslypollutedtheenvironment,toxicgasessuchascarbonmonoxide,meanwhile,tostayindoors,causebadeffecttohumanbody.Inordertoavoidtheseproblemscanletapersoncan'thelpthecoldagain,theinventionoftheheatingsystemchangedallofresidentialarea.Nowinthemarketopenedthebuildingstherearemanyformsofheatingsystem,thesame,whicharethecentralairconditioningsystemandheatingsystem.Mostofthedistrictheatingsystem,alluseeconomicefficiencyisitsadvantage.Heatingsystemcommonlyusedheatmediumwater,steam,andair.Withhotwaterasheatmediumheatingsystemiscalledahotwaterheatingsystem.HotwaterheatingsystemInseriesofhighheatenergyutilization,transportationinvalidheatlossissmall,coolingdevice,noteasycorrosion,usecycleislong,lowsurfacetemperatureandthecoolingequipment,Conformtothehygienerequirements;Systemeasytooperate,safeoperation,easyadjustmentofwatertemperature,thesystemhashighheatstoragecapacity,uniformheatdissipation,suitableforlongdistancetransportation.Thewaterinthesystemintheboilerisheatedtotherequiredtemperature,andcirculatingwaterpumpasdynamicwateralongthepipeintotheeachuser,returnwateralongthepipetoreturnafterheatboiler,waterconstantlycirculatinginthesystem.Systemintheprocess4ofrunningwaterleakageorbytheuserofwaterconsumptionbythesupplypumpafterwatertreatmentdeviceofthewaterfromthereturnpipeaddedinthesystem,howmanycanbecontrolledbypressureregulatingvalvefillingwater.Thetopoftheexpansiontankislocatedinthesystem,toacceptduetotheexpansionoftheheatedwatervolume.Hotwaterheatingsystemaccordingtothedifferentpowercyclecanbedividedintogravitycirculationsystemandmechanicalcirculationsystem;Accordingtoforbackwaterindifferentwayscanbedividedintothesinglepipesystemanddoublepipesystem,andheatmediumalsohavewateratlowtemperatureandhightemperaturewater.AndinteriordesigngenerallyUSESthelowtemperatureheatmediumwaterdo:95℃/70℃.Thisdesignisthehotwaterheatingsystemdesignforresidentialbuildings,usinglowtemperatureheatmediumwaterdo,fornexttime,singlepipeprocessnotisothermalform.Thekeyword:hotwaterheatingsystem,expansiontank,centralairconditioningsystem,powercycle5目录第一章设计原始数据及技术参数......................................................................................71.1工程概况...............................................................................................................71.2室外气候设计参数...............................................................................................71.3室内设计参数.......................................................................................................71.4热源参数...............................................................................................................71.5建筑参数...............................................................................................................7第二章负荷计算..................................................................................................................82.1各房间的设计热负荷...........................................................................................82.2围护结构的基本耗热量.....................................................................................82.3围护结构的附加（修正）耗热量.......................................................................82.4围护结构的朝向（修正）耗热量.......................................................................92.5风力附加耗热量....................................................................................................92.6高度附加耗热量...................................................................................................92.7冷风渗透耗热量....................................................................................................92.8冷风侵入耗热量....................................