冠词

Articles1.冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2.冠词分为不定冠词a(an)和定冠词the两种。一.不定冠词的用法分析：a和an均用于单数可数名词之前，表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个，相当于汉语中的“一”，但不用于强调数目的概念。例1Jack’sfatheris_____doctor.A.aB.anC.someD./例2Thereis____“f”and____“u”intheword“four”.A.an,aB.a,aC.an,anD.a,an分析：在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素，应用an；如果首字母的读音是辅音音素，应用a。1.a,e,i,o,u五个元音字母处于词首时，未必都是元音音素，u发音[ju:]或[ju]前面用冠词a，u读[۸]时前面用冠词an。2.26个字母中以开头为元音音素发音的字母有：f[ef],h[eit],l[el],n[en],r[a:],s[es],x[eks]。Thereisan“R”intheword.ThisisaEuropeancountry.European词首字母不发音，[j]是辅音音素。Thisisaone-eyeddog.one[w]是辅音音素。例3---Whynottake____friendwithyou?---That’s____goodidea.A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a分析使用不定冠词指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例4Takethemedicinethreetimes____day.A.aB.theC.anD./分析使用不定冠词表示单位，fiftymilesanhour意为“每小时50公里”，twiceaweek意为“每周两次”。例5.Englishis_____language.Itis_____importanttool.A.a,aB.a,anC.the,anD.a,/分析alanguage意为“一种语言”。language是可数名词。例6____steelworkermakessteel.A./B.AC.ThisD.That分析a(an)放于单数的可数名词前表示“一类”。该句中asteelworker是指钢铁工人们。表示一类有三种方式：Abikeisslowerthanacar.Thebikeisslowerthanthecar.Bikesareslowerthancars.例7Tomhas____highfeverandhismotherislookingafterhim.A.aB.theC.anD./分析表示生什么病前应用a,haveaheadache,haveacold。例8Marytakes____walkaftersuppereveryday.A.theB.aC./D.one分析give,take,have与一些动词名词化的词连用，表示一次动作，名词前要加a。haveatalk(bath,look);makealiving(promise);takeaswim(walk,rest)giveatalk(whistle,smile)例9Theoldwomanhad____fireinherroom.A.theB./C.aD.this分析抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时，该名词前要加a。Itisagreatjoytostudyatthiscollege.Thiskindofwoodcanmakeintoagoodpaper.Hemadealivingbysellingnewspaper.二、定冠词的用法例１Thereis___bridgeovertheriver.___bridgeismadeofstone.A.a,AB.a,TheC.the,TheD.the,A分析文章中第一次出现的可数名词前用a(an)。下次再出现此名词则用the。Ihavealittlebird.Thebirdisyellow.例２___oldworkersunderthattreearefromShanghai.A.TheB.AnC.ThisD.That分析名词后有表示范围、地点的介词短语限定时，名词前应加the来表示特指。Theboyshereareinterestedinsports.例3____firstonesatdownandthesecondstoodup.A.TheB.AC.OneD.An分析序数词前表示顺序时前加the。Maryisthethirdtocomein.例４Winteris____coldestseasonoftheyear.A.aB.theC./D.so分析形容词最高级前及Only修饰的名词前均要加the。Maryistheonlygirlwhoisoftenlateforclass.例５____moonmovesaround__earth,andtheybotharesmallerthan____sun.A.The,the,theB.A,an,aC.The,an,theD.The,the,a分析定冠词用于表示世界上独一无二的物体名词前。例６Welivein____southofChina.A.theB./C.aD.some分析表示东、南、西、北方的名词前要加the。Thesunrisesintheeast.例７____brownsarewatchingTVathomeatthemoment.A./B.TheC.Mr.D.A分析the放于姓氏的复数形式前时，表示一家人或一姓的夫妇二人。例８Hewillgotoseeyouoffat___RailwayStation.A.aB.anC.theD./分析the＋普通名词构成专有名词。theUnitedStates／theUnitedNationsthePeople’sRepublicofChina例９Iwasplaying____pianoateightyesterdaymorning.A.aB./C.theD.this分析play＋乐器表示弹奏时，该乐器名词前加the。AlicelikestoplaytheviolinwhileKatelikestoplaytheflute.表示数量时可用a。Thisisanewpianoagainstthewall.例10Ourteachergetsupearlyin____morning.A.theB./C.aD.an分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作时间状语。intheafternoon(evening)／inthedaytimeatthebeginning／intheend例11Thereisalargeshipin____middleoftheriver.A.aB./C.theD.any分析牢记一些含the的习惯用语，在句中用作地点状语。ontheright(left)/inthefrontofinthemiddleofthemeeting/theforest/atthefootofthehill例12Lastnightwewentto____cinema.A.theB.aC./D.those分析牢记一些固定搭配：gototheconcert(theatre)例13____youngshouldcareforandhelp____old.A.The,aB.The,theC.A,theD.An,an分析the＋形容词（形容词名词化）表示一类人或事物。thepoor/therich/thesick/thebeautiful例14Thesmalltownlieson____YangtziRiver.A.aB.anC./D.the分析定冠词the用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛名称的前面。theDeadSea/theBlackSeatheNorthChinaPlain华北平原三.零冠词的用法不用冠词就叫做零冠词例1Paperismadeof____bamboo.A.aB.theC./D.that分析物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。Woodcanbemadeintochairsandtables.Ironisakindofmetal.例２____Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.A.TheB.AC./D.That分析表示节日、月份的名词前一般不加the。Springiscoming.HewasborninDecember.如果表示有某年限定的季节和月份时，季节和月份前要加the。HewasbornintheSummerof1964.例３Wehavenoclasses____Sundays.A.theB.theseC.\D.those分析表示一周中七日的名称前一般不加冠词。例４Istudies___Englishin___England.A./,/B.an,theC.an,anD./,the分析学科前和国名、洲名前一般不加冠词。learnChinese(maths,physics,chemistry)ChinaisinAsia.inGermany(Japan)inAfrica(Europe…)例５Theyoftentakeawalkin____HydePark.A.theB.aC./D.this分析在一些专有名词（地名、节假日）之前不加冠词。ChristmasDayNewyear’sEveNationalDayChildren’sDayTeachers’DayWallStreet例６Thethiefwasthrowninto___prison.A.theB.aC.thisD./分析表示某一概念，而不是某具体工作的部门时，名词前不加冠词。背会下列词组：gotowork(college,school,hospital,church)beinhospital(school,bed,prison)gotoschool/gototheschool上这所学校gotobed/beonthebed东西摆在床上gotoclass(beinclass)/beintheclass在教室里例７Hedoesn’thave____breakfastathome.A.aB.theC.thisD./分析表示三餐的名词前不加冠词，如果前面有形容词修饰该词，表示“一顿…的饭”，可加a。haveabigsupper(nicelunch)例８Wegotoworkby__bus.A./B.aC.theD.one分析表示交通工具的手段时，用by＋名词表示，该名词前不用冠词。bybike(taxi,car,train,plane,spaceship)或bysea(water,air,land)如果用介词in或on，名词前要加冠词或物主代词。例９____runningisgood.A.TheB.AC./D.An分析动名词前一般不用冠词。Walkingonthemoonisdifficult.Seeingisbelieving.例10Theseboysplay____footballafterclass.A.aB.theC.thatD./分析球类、棋类、游戏名称前不加冠词。例11Thestudentsof____GradeOnearehavingameeting.A.theseB./C.aD.an分析名词＋数词表示顺序时，前面不加冠词the；序数词＋名词表示顺序数，序数词前加冠词the。turntopage3/thethirdpageLessonOne/thefirstlessongateFive/thefifthGate例12Thereisno____bookonthedesk.A.theB.aC.anD./分析名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或any和no时，均不再用冠词。nobooks,notabook,notanybooks例13Heoftenworkslateat____night.A./B.theC.aD.all分析表示