【走向高考】2017年高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 基础知识聚焦 专题突破解题策略4 阅读理解之推理判

路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索走向高考·英语人教版·高考总复习专题突破解题策略(四)必修二第一部分基础知识聚焦推理判断题是阅读理解中层次较高、难度较大的题目。在一篇阅读理解中一般有1～3道该类题目，2015年各考区考查推理判断的题目约占阅读理解题目总数的30%左右。该类题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上根据文章提供的事实和线索通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等，从而得出文章中隐含的深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文逻辑关系等已知信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者明说的事实或情感，或者可能发生的事。做推理判断题要以文中的信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能过度推理。同时，考生应多了解国外文化与习俗，这有助于理解文章。阅读理解之推理判断题1.细节推断题的判断方法抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要抓住相关内容的关键信息(即某些关键词或词语)去分析、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出该信息所隐含的深层含义。只有正确把握文章的内在联系，理解文章的真正含义，才能作出准确的推断。[典例1](2015·陕西高考·B)...Forthenexttwoweeks,theHoldenswereheartbroken.Then,oneday,thephonerangandSteveTregear,thecoastguardofCornwall,askedHolderifhewouldlikehisdogback.Abirdwatcher,armedwithatelescope,foundthepetsittingdesperatelyonarock.Whilehesoundedthealarm,astudentfromLeedsclimbeddowntheclifftocollectJudy.Thedoghadinitiallybeenknockedunconscious(失去知觉的)buthadsurvivedbydrinkingwaterfromafreshscreamatthebaseofthecliff.Shemayhavefedonthebodyofasheepwhichhadalsofallenovertheedge.“Thedogwasverythinandhungry，”SteveTregearsaid.“Itwasaveryluckydog.Shesurvivedbecauseofaplentifulsupplyoffreshwater，”headded.52．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Peopleliketotravelwiththeirpets.B．Judywastakentothefieldsforhunting.C．LuckplaysavitalroleinJudy'ssurvival.D．HoldencaredlittlewhereJudywasburied.[解析]C文章介绍是叫Judy的狗在追赶一只羊的时候，从悬崖上掉下来。主人努力寻找几个小时无果，以为它已经死去就放弃了，结果几天后，意外得到消息，狗还活着。真是很幸运的事情。根据文章最后一段的句子：Itwasaveryluckydog.Shesurvivedbecauseofaplentifulsupplyoffreshwater.可知在Judy的事故中运气起着至关重要的作用。故选C。[典例2](2015·天津高考C)...Inevertoldmymotheraboutmy“miraculous”(奇迹般地)experiencethatsummer,butshesawaslowbutremarkableimprovementinmyclassroomperformanceduringthenextyear.Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.Thepowerofthewordshasheld.49．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorhasbecomeasuccessfulwriter.B．Theauthor'smotherreadthesamebook.C．Theauthor'smotherrewardedhimwithbooks.D．Theauthorhashadhappysummerseversince.[解析]A推理判断题。文章讲述了作者从一名阅读困难的孩子到最终成为一名成功的作家的故事，告诉我们书本的魅力。根据最后一段Andyearslater,shewasproudthathersonhadreadthousandsofbooks,wasawardedaPhDinliterature,andauthoredhisownbooks,articles,poetryandfiction.可以判断出作者最终成为一名成功的作家。故选A。2．预测推断题的判断方法根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。对此类题，注意弄清作者的写作思路，决不能按自己的主观经验去推理。[典例3](2015·天津高考B)...Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany's“Oshbot”robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct'slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus，”saidBreazeal.44．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill________.A．trainemployeesB．beourworkmatesC．improvetechnologiesD．taketheplaceofworkers[解析]B文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。根据最后一段Breazeal的话“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus”可以推断出社会机器人可以和我们一起做事情。故选B。3．文章来源或读者对象推断题的方法考生要具备一定的常识，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本了解。这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出最佳答案。[典例4](2015·重庆高考C)Jointhediscussion...Lakelander·2hoursagoToday，amantalkedveryloudonhisphoneonatrainbetweenMalvernandReading，makingmanypassengersupset.IwonderhowhewouldreactifIweretoreadmynewspaperoutloudonthetrain.Ihaveneverhadthecouragetodoit，though.Pak50·57minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry？Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrainissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused，hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.47．Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Awebpage.B．Anewspaper.C．Anovel.D．Areport.[解析]A主要讲述了LakeLander在论坛上描述了自己遇到的不文明现象后，众人发表的关于自己经历的不文明现象的描述和看法。本文是篇对于社会现象的讨论，根据出现的讨论的时间，彼此隔开时间不长，可知来自网络，故选A项。[典例5](2015·广东高考B)WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilovedtogofishingwithmydad.Buttheonlythingthatwasn'tveryfunaboutitwasthathecouldcatchmanyfishwhileIcouldn'tcatchanything.Iusuallygotprettyupsetandkeptaskinghimwhy.Healwaysanswered,“Son,ifyouwanttocatchafish,youhavetothinklikeafish”，Irememberbeingevenmoreupsetthenbecause,“I'mnotafish！”Ididn'tknowhowtothinklikeafish.Besides,Ireasoned,howcouldwhatIthinkinfluencewhatafishdoes?...WhenIgrewupandenteredthebusinessworld,Irememberhearingmyfirstbosssay,“Weallneedtothinklikesalespeople.”Butitdidn'tcompletelymakesense.Mydadneveroncesaid,“Ifyouwanttocatchafishyouneedtothinklikeafisherman.”Whathesaidwas,“Youneedtothinklikeafish.”Yearslater,withgreateffortstopromotelongtermservicestopeoplemucholderandricherthanme,Igraduallylearnedwhatweallneedistothinkmorelikecustomers.Itisnotaneasyjob.Iwillshowyouhowinthefollowingchapters.35．Thispassagemostlikelycomesfrom________.A．afishingguideB．apopularsalesbookC．anovelonchildhoodD．amillionaire'sbio