EQ1041汽车制动系统的设计

-I-摘要从汽车诞生时起，车辆制动系统在车辆的安全方面就起着决定性作用。汽车的制动系统种类很多，传统的制动系统结构型式主要有机械式、气动式、液压式、气液混合式。液压制动技术是如今最成熟、最经济的制动技术，并应用在当前绝大多数乘用车上。目前，汽车所用制动器几乎都是摩擦式的，可分为鼓式和盘式两大类。盘式制动器的主要优点是在高速刹车时能迅速制动，散热效果优于鼓式刹车,制动效能的恒定性好,便于安装像ABS那样的高级电子设备。鼓式制动器的主要优点是刹车蹄片磨损较少,成本较低,便于维修、由于鼓式制动器的绝对制动力远远高于盘式制动器,所以普遍用于后轮驱动的卡车上，但由于为了提高其制动效能而必须加制动增力系统，使其造价较高，故轻型车一般还是使用前盘后鼓式。本设计为前轴制动器采用浮动钳盘式制动器，后轴制动器为领从蹄式鼓式制动器。制动驱动形式为液压驱动形式，前后式（Ⅱ式）双回路制动控制系统。关键词：汽车；制动系统；制动器；设计；真空液压-II-ABSTRACTBornfromthecar,thevehiclebrakingsystemonthevehicle'ssecurityplaysadecisiverole.Thevehiclebrakesystemhavemanytypes.Thetraditionaltypeofbrakingsystemstructuremainlymechanical,pneumatic,hydraulic,gas-liquidhybrid.Nowhydraulicbraketechnologyisthemostmatureandmosteconomicaltechnology,andappliedtothemostcarsonpresent.Currently,almostcarsareusedinfrictionbrakesthatisthedrumandthedisc.Themainadvantageofdiscbrakesisathighspeedbrakingrapidly,resistheatisbetterthandrumbrakes,brakeperformanceconstant,easytoinstallasadvancedelectronicdeviceslikeABS.Themainadvantageofdrumbrakes,brakeshoewearsmall,lowcost,easymaintenance,becausetheabsolutebrakingpowerofdrumbrakesisfarhigherthandiscbrakes,sodrumbrakesarewidelyusedforrear-wheeldrivetruck,butbecauseInordertoimprovethebrakingperformanceandincreasedpowerbrakesystemmustbeaddedtomakeitcostmore,solightvehiclesgenerallyortousefrontdisc，reardrumbrake.Thedesignforthefrontaxlefloatingbrakecaliperdiscbrakes,rearbrakefortheleadingshoedrumbrakesfrom.Driveintheformofbrakehydraulicdriveform,beforeandafterthetype(Ⅱtype)dualcircuitbrakecontrolsystem.Keywords：Brake；ParkingBrake；DrumBrake；DiscBrakes；HydraulicDrive目录摘要...........................................................ⅠAbstract......................................................Ⅱ第1章绪论....................................................11.1课题背景及目的...........................................11.2国内外研究现状...........................................11.3课题研究方法.............................................21.4本设计应解决的难点.......................................2第2章总体设计方案...........................................32.1制动能源的选择...........................................42.2驻车制动系...............................................52.3行车制动系...............................................52.4制动管路的布置及原理.....................................52.4.1制动管路的布置示意图................................52.4.2制动原理和工作过程..................................62.5制动器的结构方案分析.....................................72.6本章小结..................................................8第3章制动系主要参数确定..................................93.1基本参数..................................................93.2同步附着系数的确定........................................93.3制动器最大制动力矩确定...................................113.4鼓式制动器的主要参数选择.................................123.4.1制动鼓直径D........................................123.4.2摩擦衬片宽度b和包角β.............................123.4.3制动器中心到张开力P作用线和距离e..................133.4.4动蹄支销中心的坐标位置是k与c.....................133.4.5摩擦片摩擦系数......................................143.5盘式制动器的主要参数选择.................................143.5.1制动盘直径D........................................143.5.2制动盘厚度h........................................143.5.3摩擦衬块外半径R2和内半径R1.........................143.5.4摩擦块工作面积A....................................153.6本章小结...............................................15第4章制动器的设计与计算...................................164.1制动器摩擦面的压力分布规律..............................164.2单个制动器制动力矩计算..................................164.2.1鼓式制动器制动力矩计算.............................164.2.2盘式制动器制动力矩计算.............................194.3驻车制动的制动力矩计算..................................194.4制动衬片的耐磨性计算....................................204.5制动距离的计算..........................................224.6本章小结...................................................24第5章液压制动驱动机构的设计计算.........................255.1制动驱动机构的形式......................................255.2分路系统................................................255.3液压制动驱动机构的设计计算..............................265.3.1制动轮缸直径d的确定...............................265.3.2制动主缸直径d0的确定...............................275.3.3制动踏板力FP.......................................275.3.4制动踏板工作行程SP.................................285.3.5制动主缸...........................................295.3.6制动力分配调节装置的选取............................295.4真空助力器的设计计算....................................305.5制动器的主要结构元件.........................................................................315.5.1制动鼓.............................................315.5.2制动蹄.............................................315.5.3摩擦衬（片）块.....................................325.5.4制动底板...........................................325.5.5支承...............................................325.5.6制动轮缸...........................................325.5.7制动盘.............................................335.5.8制动钳.............................................335.5.9制动块.............................................335.6自动间隙调整机构........................................335.7本章小结.................................................34结论...............................................