语言学练习第二章

ChaptertwoSummarizethecharacteristicsofEnglishconsonants:[]voicelessbilabialstop[]voicedbilabialstop[]voicelessalveolarstop[]voicedalveolarstop[]voicelessvelarstop[]voicedvelarstop[]bilabialnasal[]alveolarnasal[]velarnasal[]voicelesspostalveolaraffricate[]voicedpostalveolaraffricate[]alveolarlateral[]voicelesslabioldentalfricative[]voicedlabioldentalfricative[]voicelessdentalfricative[]voiceddentalfricative[]voicelessalveolarfricative[]voicedalveolarfricative[]voicedalveolartrill[]voicelesspost-alveolarfricative[]voicedpost-alveolarfricative[]glottalfricative[]bilabialapproximant[]palatalapproximantII.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:1.A____referstoastrongpuffofairstreamintheproductionofspeechsounds.2．A____phoneticsdescribesthewayourspeechorgansworktoproducethespeechsoundsandhowtheydiffer.3.Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb_______sounds.4．Ofallthespeechorgans,thet____isthemostflexible,andisresponsibleforvarietiesofarticulationthananyother.5．Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofmannerofarticulationorintermsofp____ofarticulation.6．Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorgansistotalorcomplete,thespeechsoundproducedwiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingoutagainiscalledas________.![endif]7．S_________featuresarethephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theyincludestress,tone,intonation,etc.8．Therulesthatgovernthecombinationofsoundsinaparticularlanguagearecalleds____rules.9．Thetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonlyiscalledbroadtranscriptionwhilethetranscriptionwithletter-symbolstogetherwiththediacriticsiscalledn_________transcription.10．Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi_________.11．P______isadisciplinewhichstudiesthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguageandhowsoundsarecombinedintomeaningfulunitstoeffectlinguisticcommunication.12．Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantcavities:thepharyngealcavity,theo_______cavityandthenasalcavity.13．T____arepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingratesofvibrationofthevocalcordsandwhichcandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.![endif]14．Dependingonthecontextinwhichstressisconsidered,therearetwokindsofstress:wordstressands_________stress.15．Thesound/f/is_________________.A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstopC.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative16.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled____________.A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituentsC.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures17.A(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme18．Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones19．Ofallthespeechorgans,the_______is/arethemostflexible.A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords20．Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal21．__________isavoicedalveolarstop.A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/22．Theassimilationruleassimilatesonesoundtoanotherby“copying”afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophones____________.A.identicalB.sameC.exactlyalikeD.similarChoosethebestanswer:1.Pitchvariationisknownas____whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice2.Conventionallya____isputinslashes.A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme3.Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare___ofthepphoneme.A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemeD.allophones4.Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled_____.A.minimalpairsB.alloorphsC.phonesD.allophones5.Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds.A.acousticphoneticsB.articulatoryphoneticsC.auditoryphoneticsD.neitherofthem6.whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?A.[z]B.[w]C.[θ]D.[v]7.whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]8.whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?A.[i]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i:]9.whatkindofsoundsaremadewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?A.voicelessB.voicedC.glottalstopD.consonant10.whichconsonantrepresentsthefollowingdescription:voicelesslabiodentalfricative?A.[f]B.[v]C.[z]D.[s]Trueorfalse:1.ofthethreephoneticsbranches,thelongestestablishedone,anduntilrecentlythemosthighlydeveloped,isacousticphonetics.2.sound[p]intheword“spit”isanunaspiratedstop.3.Supersegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.4.theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound.5.Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferedword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation..6.[p]isvoicedbilabialstop.7.Acoust