英语简单句五种基本句型

2020/3/241主讲人：肖海燕单位：新兴县惠能中学2020/3/242I'mabigbiggirlinabigbigworldIt‘snotabigbigthingifyouleaveme，butIdodofeelthatItootoowillmissyoumuch…….简单句复合句并列句2020/3/243句子结构分类简单句SimpleSentences含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子并列句CompoundSentences包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接复合句ComplexSentences包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导2020/3/2442020/3/245英语简单句五种基本句型：1.主＋系＋表(Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ)2.主＋谓(Ｓ+Ｖi)3.主＋谓＋宾(Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ)4.主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾(Ｓ+Ｖt+IＯ+DＯ）5.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补(Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+ＯＣ)2020/3/2461.主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）表语说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。常见系动词如下:1.表状态：be,seem,appear；2.表感官look,smell,taste,feel,sound；3.表延续：remain,stay,keep；4.表变化：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,grow；2020/3/247例句：Theyaregoodfriends.（名词）overthere.（地点副词）intheclassroom.（介词短语）happy.（形容词）Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.（动名词）Myjobistocleanthetable.（不定式）Thebossseemshappy.（形容词)(表状态）Thecaketastesdelicious.（形容词)(表感觉）Thewaterstaysstill.（形容词)(表延续）Thepotatoeswentbad.（形容词)(表变化）be2020/3/2482.主语+谓语(S+Vi.)谓语为不及物动词1.Timeflies.2.Weeatanddrink.3.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.4.Heisplaying.5.Themoonwillrise.6.Theyhavegone.2020/3/249宾语(即动作的承受者)成分的多样化：名词，代词，不定式，动名词，宾从等。如：1.IlikeEnglishverymuch.（名词）2.Isawhiminthestreet.（代词）3.Shelikesswimming.（动名词）4.Thegirlwantedtogohome.（不定式）5.Theyhavedecidedwheretogo.（疑问式不定式）6.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.（宾从）3.主语+谓语+宾语（S+Vt+O）2020/3/24104.主＋谓＋间宾（人）＋直宾（物）(Ｓ+Ｖt+IＯ+DＯ）如果先说直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），要借助于介词to或for。Hepassedmethedictionary?（IO）（DＯ）Hepassedthedictionarytome.Sheboughtmeabeautifuldress.（IO）（DＯ）Sheboughtabeautifuldressforme.此类常见动词：pass，show,give,lend,hand,offer,tell,send,bring等此类常见动词：buy,cook,get,make,sing等。2020/3/24115.主＋谓＋宾＋宾补(Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+ＯＣ)宾语与宾语补足语（复合宾语）之间有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。1.TheymadeTommonitor.(名词)2.Thesunkeepsuswarm.(形容词)3.Hehadhisradioon.(副词)4.Ifoundhimathome.(介词短语)5.Iheardhimsinging.(现在分词)6.Youmustgetyourhaircut.(过去分词)7.Wesawhimjumpintothebox.(动词原形)8.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.(动词不定式)常用的带复合宾语的动词（使役/感官）：think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,make,get,leave,ask,keep...2020/3/2412练习一：判断下列简单句是属于哪种句型。A1.Plantsneedwater.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)2.Theflowerissofresh.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.S+V(主+谓)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)2020/3/2413B6.Hegotangry.7.Hegotup.8.Youwillgetasurprise.9.Hegothisshoeswet.10.Hegotherapresent.小结：同一动词在不同的句型里用法也不尽其同。S+V+P(主+系+表)S+V+O(主+谓+宾)S+V(主+谓)S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)S+V+InO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)2020/3/2414练习二:翻译1.太阳从东方升起来了。2.她喜欢看书。3.他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。5.他们把门漆成绿色。Thesunisrisingintheeast.Shelikesreading.Hisfaceturnedred.Ishowedhimmypictures.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.2020/3/2415温馨提示：复杂的英语句子都是基于五种简单句，在前面或后面增加一些修饰语加以扩大、组合、省略或倒装。我们只需要理清句子的主干就可以正确把握句子的意思。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。2020/3/2416Wefoundthehallfull.我们发现礼堂坐满了。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。Wefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreport.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。2020/3/2417WefoundthegreathallfullofstudentsandteacherslisteningtoanimportantreportmadebyacomradefromthePeople'sDailyoncurrentaffairsinEastEurope.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。2020/3/2418简单句的基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+不及物动词3.主语+及物动词+宾语4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Summary2020/3/2419①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.Homework:1.指出下列句子属于5种简单句的哪一种类型。2020/3/24202.运用5种简单句写一篇短文。（任选一题）•MySchoolLife•MyFamily•MyHometown2020/3/24212020/3/2422①Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside.②Inthemoderncity,therearesomeproblems,suchasairpollution,crowdnessandnoise.③InthecountrysideIcanenjoyacomfortableandquietlife.④There,theairisfreshandthewaterisclean.⑤Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees.⑥Icanalsogoboating,fishing,andswimminginthelake.⑦Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodformyhealth.⑧SoIwanttogotothecountrysideforachange.S+V+Otherebe句型S+V+OS+V+PS+V+O+OCS+V+OS+V+PS+V+O附Homework1答案