2014英语(二)英译汉试题答案逐句对照

2014英语（二）英译汉试题答案逐句对照Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’sperpetuallyhalffull.大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐，总觉得杯子里的水还有一半。Butthat’sexactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.但积极心理学家并不提倡这种虚假的快乐。“Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality,”saysTalBen-Shahar,aHarvardprofessor.“健康的乐观是与现实联系在一起的，”哈佛大学教授泰·本-沙哈说道。AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.根据他的观点，现实的乐观主义者是去积极实现事情的圆满，而不是坐等事情会自己圆满。Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises.本-沙哈提出了乐观训练的三个阶段。Whenhefeelsdown—say,aftergivingabadlecture---hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.当他心情低落时——比如，一个糟糕的演讲之后——他宽慰自己这是人之常情。HeremindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner,somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.他提醒自己不是每一次演讲都要求诺贝尔标准，有些演讲的效果会不如其他。Nextisreconstruction.下一个阶段是重塑。Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.他会分析这次失败的演讲，哪些地方可取，哪些不可取，为将来的演讲积累经验。Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn’tmatter.最后一个阶段是前瞻，我们要认识到在生命的宏伟蓝图中，一次演讲根本算不上什么。