高一英语-阅读专题：细节题外研社知识精讲-外研版必修2

高一英语阅读专题：细节题外研社【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：阅读专题：细节题二.重难点讲解在高考阅读的四个题型中，该题型难度最小、得分率最高，所占比重也较大，但随着英语试题难度的加大，近几年得分率呈下降的趋势。其常见的提问方式有以下几种：1.针对文章的某一细节对具体内容提问，如：Howwasthefireputoutaccordingtothetext?（NMET1995）Welearnfromthetextthaton24May（）.（NMET1998）2.要求针对文章的某一细节进行正、误判断，如：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?（NMET2001，北京2003）WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtoauthor’sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?（上海2002）3.要求针对文章的某一细节进行简单的计算，如：Ataplacewheresurfacetemperatureis15℃,howdeepdoyouhavetodigsoastogetatemperatureof75℃?（NMET1994）Howlongdidthepowerfailurelast?（NMET2000）4.要求针对文章的某一细节进行识图，如：Whichofthefollowingdrawingsshowstherightwaytogetgeothermalenergy?（NMETl994）Whichofthefourpicturesbelowistheclosesttotheigloohotelasdescribedinthetext?（NMET2001）5.要求针对文章的某一细节进行排序，如：Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofwhathappenedtothediary?（NMET1999）ChoosetherighttimeorderofthefollowingeventsinThomas’slife.（北京2002）从以上的提问方式我们可以看出，事实细节题型是针对文章某一细节进行提问，一般来说答案都可以在文中直接找到。这就要求考生在解题时，在初步了解了文章大意的基础上，能够根据问题迅速地抓住提问的关键词，搜索相同的信息，做出选择。【典型例题】AmyJohnsonwasbornonJuly1,1903,inHullYorkshireandlivedthereuntilshewenttoSheffieldUniversityin1923toreadforaBA.Aftergraduating,shemovedontoworkasasecretarytoaLondonsolicitor（律师）whereshealsobecameinterestedinflying.AmybegantolearntoflyattheLondonAeroplaneClubinthewinterof1928-1929andherhobbysoonbecameanall-consumingdetermination,notsimplytomakeacareerinaviation（航空）,buttosucceedinsomeprojects,whichwoulddemonstratetotheworldthatwomencouldbeascompetent（能干）asmeninhitherto（迄今为止）maledominatedfield.Herfirstimportantachievement,afterflyingsolo,wastoqualifyasthefirstBritish-trainedwomangroundengineer.ForawhileshewastheonlywomanG:E.intheworld.Earlyin1930,shechoseherobjective:toflysolo（flybyherself）toAustraliaandtobeatBertHinkler’srecordof16days.Atfirst,hereffortstoraisefinancial（经济的）supportfailed,butfinallyLordWakefieldsharedthe600poundpurchasepricesofausedDHGypsyMoth（GAAAH）anditwasnamedJasonafterthefamilybusinesstrademark.AmysetoffaloneinasingleengineGypsyMothfromGroysononMay5,1930,andlandedinDarwinonMay24,anepicflightof11,000miles.ShewasthefirstwomantoflyalonetoAustralia.InJuly1931,shesetanEnglandtoJapanrecordinaPussMothwithJackHumphreys.InJuly1932,shesetarecordfromEnglandtoCapetown,solo,inaPussMoth.InMay,1936,shesetarecordfromEnglandtoCapetown,solo,inaPercivalGull,aflighttoretrieve（gainagain）her1932record.Withherhusband,JimMollison,shealsoflewinaDHDragonnonstopfromPendineSands,SouthWales,totheUnitedStatesin1933.TheyalsoflewnonstopinrecordtimetoIndiain1934inaDHCometintheEnglandtoAustraliaairrace.TheMollisonsweredivorcedin1938.AfterhercommercialflyingendedwiththeoutbreakofWorldWarIIin1939,AmyjoinedtheAirTransportAuxiliary,apoolofexperiencedpilotswhowereineligible（不合格）forRAFservice.Herflyingdutiesconsistedofferrying（carryingbyplane）aircraftfromfactoryairstrip（起落地带）toRAF（英国皇家空军）bases.1.WhatdidAmyJohnsondoaftershegraduatedfromSheffieldUniversity?A.ShebecameasecretarytoaLondonsolicitor.B.Shewenttotheairforce.C.Shebecamethefirstfemalegroupengineerintheworld.D.Shebegantolearntoflyatanaeroplaneclub.答案：A2.Whichofthefollowingisfalse?A.AmyJohnsonspentherchildhoodinSheffield.B.InAmyJohnson’stime,aviationwasamaledominatedfield.C.AmyJohnsonflewsoloforseveraltimes.D.AmyJohnsonwasthefirstwomantoflyalonetoAustralia.答案：A3.Accordingtothepassage,howmanyrecordsAmyhadset?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.答案：C4.HowdidAmysolvethefinancialproblemwheninearly1930shechoseherobjective:toflysolotoAustraliaandtobeatBertHinkler’srecordof16days?A.Shesuccessfullyraisedfinancialsupport.B.Shesharedthemoneynecessaryfortheflightwithherhusband.C.AbusinessmansharedthepurchasepriceofausedplanewithAmy’sfather.D.Herfathergaveherthemoney.答案：CLipstickplaysanimportantroleinattractionandcanevenprotectthelipsfromdryingoutinharshweather.Nowonderit’sthemostimportantthinginawomen’scosmetics（化妆品）bag.Colouringthelipsiscertainlynotanewidea.Itwaspracticedasearlyas3500BC.Inthepast,anaturaldyewasusedtopaintlips.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythatlipstickmanufacturingreallytookoff.Thelipstickwasmadeofmixturesthatincludedpigfatandredsandalwood.Itwaskeptintinypotsandappliedwithacolouringstick.LipstickwasinventedandfirstpresentedbyParisianperfumeries（香料商）inAmsterdam.Butthese“littleredsausages”werelessthanpractical.Theywerewrappedinsilkpaperandtheendshadtobebrokenoffbeforeeachuse.Theyalsodidnotcomecheap.Overtheyearsthesticksbecamelessexpensiveandnewcoloursweredeveloped,Butitwasnotuntil1950thatlipstickaccidentallywasreinvented—thistimebytheAmericans.Todaytherearesomanytypesoflipsticksandshadesthatitishardtokeeptrackofthem.Facedwithmanychoicesinthecosmeticdepartments,itiseasytoforgetthatthereisawholesciencetomanufacturingthem.Thebasicmaterialsarecolours,oilsandwaxes.Buttheycancontainupto30differentmaterials.Lipstickmanufactureshavetoachieveacarefulbalance.“Youneedathickeroiltomakethelipsticklastlonger,butathinneronetomakeiteasytoapply,”saysComelisRiedel,productdeveloperatNiveaBeauteinHamburg.Differentoilsalsoprovideprotectionforlips,preventingthemfromdryingup.Thewaxesusedinlipsticksmustst