[其它]Unit-1-Contrastive-Linguistics

ContrastiveLinguisticsInstructor:WeiZaijiang魏在江WeiZai-jiang魏在江Tel:[phone](o)西安外国语大学学报编辑部E-mail:[e-mail]Anintroductiontocontrastivelinguisticsincludesdefinitions;backgroundtheinfluenceoflinguistics,philosophy,sociologyandsociolinguisticsonthedevelopmentofcontrastivelinguistics,andcentralconcepts--.etc.Anexaminationoftheanalyticalframeworksingrammar,vocabulary,pragmaticandtextualcontrastivestudieswillbediscussedindetails.ThediscussionalsocoversimplicationsofcontrastivelinguisticsinESPtextstudies,EFLteaching,Translationstudiesandliteraturestudies.ApproachThemodulewillcombinelectureswithpracticalactivityanddiscussion.Participantswillbeexpectedtodoaconsiderableamountofpracticalworkonthelocaltextsduringthemodule.Themodulewillbeassessedintermsofassignment.SyllabusUnit1:GeneralintroductionUnit2:PrinciplesandProceduresUnit3:Phonetic&PhonologicalContrastiveStudiesUnit4:LexicalContrastiveAnalysisUnit5:GrammaticalContrastiveAnalysisUnit6:PragmaticContrastivestudiesUnit7:TextualContrastiveAnalysisUnit8:CognitivelinguisticsandContrastivelinguisticsUnit9:CulturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineseUnit10:ContrastiveLinguisticsandtranslationUnit11:contrastivelinguisticsandForeignlanguageteachingUnit12:corpuslinguisticsandcontrastivelinguisticsWorkshopsandseminars:1.Casestudies:textanalysis2.Casestudies:problemsinforeignlanguageteachingandtranslationBasicreading:AndrewChesterman.ContrastiveFunctionalAnalysis.JohnBenjamins.1998Brown,G.&YuleG.DiscourseAnalysis.CUP.1983CarlJames.ContrastiveAnalysis.Longman.1980Keping.ContrastiveLinguistics.NanjingNormalUniversity.1999M.A.K.HallidayandRuqaiyaHasan.CohesioninEnglish.1976RobertLado.LinguisticsAcrosscultures.TheUniversityofMichiganPress.957Saussure.TheCourseofGeneralLinguistics.Beijing:ForeignLanguageteachingandResearchPress.2002TomaszP.Krzeszowski.ContrastingLanguages----TheScopeofContrastiveLinguistics.MoutonDeGruyter.1990许余龙《对比语言学》上海外语教育出版社2002年版（研究生教材）陈治安、刘家荣、文旭.英汉对比语用学与外语教学.北京：外语教学与研究出版社.2003高远.对比分析与错误分析.北京航空航天大学出版社.2002潘文国.汉英语对比纲要.北京语言文化大学出版社.2003杨自俭.英汉对比研究论文集.上海外语教育出版社.1994杨自俭.英汉比较与翻译（3，4，5）.上海外语教育出版社喻荣根.英汉对比语言学.北京工业大学出版社.1989何善芬.英汉语言对比研究.上海外语教育出版社.2002李瑞华.英汉语言与文化对比研究.上海外语教育出版社.1998连叔能.英汉对比研究.高等教育出版社.1994邵志洪.英汉语研究与对比.华东理工大学出版社.1997杨自俭.英汉比较与翻译（3，4，5）.上海外语教育出版社喻荣根.英汉对比语言学.北京工业大学出版社.1989杨自俭.英汉比较与翻译（3，4，5）.上海外语教育出版社Unit1Introduction1.1WhatisContrastiveLinguistics?Whenwetakeupanysubjectforstudy,weusuallystartbyinvestigatingitsnature,itsrelevancetous,andthewaytostudyit.Inotherwords,weaskthreebasicquestions:(a)whatitis,(b)whyitisneededorimportant,and(c)howtodoit.Inthissectionweshalltrytoanswerthesethreebasicquestionsaboutcontrastivelinguistics.1.1.1NameandNatureApparentlycontrastivelinguistics,issomethingrelatedtoorincludedunderlinguistics.Soletus,asthesayinggoes,beginfromtheverybeginningandexaminationofthenameandnatureoflinguistics.LinguisticsLanguageisusedbyuseveryday.Itisareality,thatis,itissomethingactuallyorexperiencedbyus.Generallyspeaking,wemaydistinguishthreeaspectsofreality,physical,social,andpsychological-----.andatleastfivemodesoforapproachestoknowingreality,thatis,philosophical,mathematical,theological,humanistic,andscientific.Variousdisciplines,inlightoftheaspectsofrealitytheyareinterestedin,approachtheirsubjectmatterlargelyfromthepointofviewofoneofthesefivemodesWemayconsiderthefollowingfactsaboutlanguageandapproachestotherealityoflanguagebeforewecometocharacterizethenatureoflinguistics.(1)Languageissociallyacquiredandused.Asasocialphenomenon,itobviouslyhassocialreality.(1)Ashumanbehavior,languagehaspsychologicalreality.Twomajorlinguisticschoolsinthe20thcenturyhavebeenstructurallinguisticsandgenerativelinguistics.Bothofthemanalyzelanguageintermsofhumanbehavior(thatis,verbalbehavior”_structurallinguistSkinnerwroteabookinthisverytitle.”(2)Philosophical,mathematicalandtheologicalapproachestotherealityoflanguageareevidentlyrelevantonlyinratherlimitedways.(1)Neitherisahumanisticapproachofmuchusetothelinguists.Thehumanisticapproachlaysemphasisontheindividualcharacteristics.Thetypicalmethoditemploysiscalledverstechen(understandfromwithin).Whatisleft,then,isthescientificapproach.Linguisticsclaimstobeanempiricalscienceandassuchitaimsattrue(inthesenseofverifiableandfalsifiable)statementsbymeansofformulatingtestablehypotheses.(1)Basedontheanalysismadeaboveofthefeaturesoflanguageandtherelevantapproachestoit,wemaydepictthenatureoflinguisticsasfollows:Linguisticsisascientificstudyoflanguage,whichexistsmainlyassocialandpsychologicalrealities.1.1.1.2ContrastiveLinguisticsWhat,then,iscontrastivelinguistics?Apparently,contrastivelinguisticsisakindoforabranchoflinguistics.Asitsnamesuggests,contrastivelinguisticsinvolvescontrastorcomparison.Comparisonisoneofthebasicwaysbywhichwestudyobjectsandgettoknowthem,justasthesayinggoes,?onlybycomparisoncanonedistinguish.”Themethodofcomparisoniswidelyusedinlinguistics.Almostallthebranchesoflinguisticsinvolvecomparisonofonekindoranother,sincetoidentifyandelaborateonapa