Stylistics1

EnglishStylisticsLesson1Whatarewegoingtostudytoday?•ChapterIStyleandStylistics•ChapterIIProceduresofstylisticanalysisQuestionsforstudy1.Whatdoesgeneralstylisticsstudy?2.Whyshouldwelearnstylistics?3.Whatistheaimofstylistics?4.Whatarethethreestepsofstylisticanalysis?5.Whatisatext?Explaintheaspectsoftextualanalysis.6.Whatiscontext?ExplainthethreetypesofcontextualfactorsaccordingtoFunctionalStylistics.StyleandStylisticsTheword“stylistics”ismadeoftwoparts:“styl”,and“istics”,theformermeaning“style”,andthelatter“scienceoflanguage”.Definitionsofstyle1.aparticularkind,sort,ortype,aswithreferencetoform,appearance,orcharacter:•thebaroquestyle;Thestyleofthehousewastooausterefortheirliking.2.anelegant,fashionable,orluxuriousmodeofliving:•toliveinstyle.3.amodeoffashion,asindress,especiallygoodorapprovedfashion;elegance;smartness.4.themodeofexpressingthoughtinwritingorspeakingbyselectingandarrangingwords,consideredwithrespecttoclearness,effectiveness,euphony,orthelike,thatischaracteristicofagroup,period,person,personality,etc.towriteinthestyleofFaulkner;afamiliarstyle;acolloquialstyle.Stylistics•Stylisticsisthestudyofstyle.•Stylisticsisthestudyanddescriptionofthechoicesoflinguisticexpressionthatarecharacteristicofagrouporanindividualinspecificcommunicativesettings,especiallyinliteraryworks(StylisticsofFiction).•Stylisticsisabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofcharacteristicchoicesinuseoflanguage,asregardssound,form,syntaxorvocabulary,madebydifferentindividualsorsocialgroupsindifferentsituationsofuse.Sample1•Takeanegg,andmakeaperforationinthebaseandacorrespondingoneintheapex.Andthen,applythelipstotheaperture,andbyforciblyinhalingthebreath,theshellisentirelydischargedofitscontents.•取一卵，底部开一口并在顶部同样开一口，然后双唇对准开口处，通过用力吸气，蛋壳之内容即被完全吸取。•WhenIwasagal,theymadeaholeineachendandsucked.•我当丫头时，就在两头砸个洞，然后一吸。—textp.3Sample2•Onedeepnight,QueenVictoriawentbacktoherbedroomafterfinishingherjob.Thedoorbeingclosed,sheknockedonit.•“Who?”•“TheQueen.”•Thedoorstillclosed,sheknockedagain.•“Who?”•“Victoria.”•Thedoorremainingclosed,sheknockedathirdtime.•“Who?”•“Yourwife.”•Thedooropenedup,andthequeenwentin.Sample3•再过几个小时，新年的钟声就要敲响了。我们即将告别2015年，迎来2016年的第一缕阳光。（习近平2016新年致辞）•再过几个钟头，新年的钟声就要咣当咣当敲起来。我们马上要对2015年说BYEBYE啦，2016年的第一个太阳公公也要晒到脑瓜子上啦。Sample4•郎君、官⼈、老爷、相公、先生、爱⼈、男⼈、我们家那口⼦、当家的、娃他爸、老公、死鬼•老婆、夫⼈、拙荆、执帚、贱内、妻子、娘子、婆姨、太太、媳妇、老伴、对象、孩（娃）他娘、爱⼈、内子、那口子、屋里头的、堂客Sample5•对“死”的不同说法：•薨、驾崩、圆寂、羽化•驾鹤西去、仙逝、归西、•逝世、过世、去世、走了、没了•死了、挂了、翘辫子、死翘翘、蹬腿，呜呼、上西天，吹灯拔蜡、见阎王……Sample6审判长传被告之妻到庭作证：“来呀，把他老婆给我带上来！”“传他老婆到庭。”“传证人某某某到庭。”Sample7（fromourtextbook）•Theythinktheconflictmainlyexistsbetweendifferentraces….•It’sunbelievablesheismarried10times….Theythinkthattheconflictmainlyexistsbetweendifferentraces….•Itisunbelievablethatsheismarried10times….Sample8•Modernstylisticsgetitsdevelopmentinthe19thand20thcenturiesfromrhetoric….•…nomorethan30articlesconcerningstylisticsgetpublishedinChina.Modernstylisticshaditsdevelopmentinthe19thand20thcenturiesfromrhetoric….…nomorethan30articlesconcerningstylisticswerepublishedinChina.Sample9•ThefamousancientGreekphilosophersSocrates,PlatoandAristotle,etal,allcontributedalottothisbranchoflearning.•ThefamousancientGreekphilosophersSocrates,PlatoandAristotle,etal,allcontributedmuchtothisbranchoflearning.StyleisDifferentstylesshouldbeusedondifferentoccasions,andthekeytotheeffectiveuseoflanguageis“appropriateness,”andthekeytoeffectivecommunicationistheabilitytouselanguageappropriately.APPROPRIATENESS•Inotherwords,•weneedtodevelop“asenseofstyle.”AsEFLlearners,weoftenfailtouseEnglishappropriately,eitherbyusingbigwordsoverdailymattersinconversationsoyoutalklikeabook,orbyusingslangwordsinformalwritingslikeofficialreports,legaldocuments,degreethesis,etc.AsjuniorstudentsofEnglish,welearnthe“basicfacts”aboutEnglish,butataseniorstageofEnglishlearning,wemustlearnandSTUDYmore“advancedfacts”aboutlanguage,suchasspeakers’attitudeinthechoiceandorderofwords,inthemanipulationofsounds,intheuseofsentencetypes,etc.GREETINGSFAREWELLSPOLITEGoodmorning.Goodafternoon.GoodBye.FAMILIARHi.(Bye-)bye.Seeyou.Solong.Moresophisticatedstylisticissue:•Policeman:What’syourname,boy?•Blackpsychiatrist:DrPoussaint.I’maphysician.•Policeman:What’syourfirstname,boy?•Blackpsychiatrist:Alvin.AsEFLlearners,weoftenfailtonoticethosestylisticsubtletieswhichcontributesignificantlytomeaning.Stylistics—thestudyofstyle—mayhelpusdevelopaconsistentmethodoflanguageanalysisandsolveproblemsofinterpretationbybringingintofocusthestylisticallysignificantfeaturesthatwemightotherwiseoverlook.TheaimofstylisticsHalliday:toshowwhyandhowthetextmeanswhatitdoes,andtoshowwhythetextisvaluedasitis.Toputitmoreplainlyandspecifically,stylisticanalysiscanimproveourunderstandingofthewaysinwhichimpressions,effects,meaningsarecommunicatedbylanguage,anddifferentlexicalitems,graphologicalforms,deviationsinsyntax,rhetoricaldevicesareemployedindifferentliteraryworks.Inotherwords,stylistics,asystematicandscientificstudyofstyle,canhelpuscultivateasenseofappropriateness,anduseproperwordsinproperplacesastomakeourlanguageappropriate.Itcanhelpusund