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Unit8现在完成时态●现在完成时的用法(课本P111):(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常使用just,already,yet等时间副词。—Haveyouhadlunchyet?你吃了午饭吗?—Yes,I’vejusthadit.___Yes,Ihavealreadyhadit.是的,我刚刚(已经)吃过。(现在我不饿了)学.科.网(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,也可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语连用。Hehastaughtheresince1981.他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)Ihaven’tseenherforfouryears.我有四年没见到她了。●现在完成时的构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。现在完成时-构成Z.x.x.K过去分词的构成-规则变化•1.大多数动词直接在后面加-ed:finish-finished•2.以不发音e结尾的动词直接加-d:live-lived•3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,需将y改为i,再加-ed:study-studied•4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed:stop-stopped•5.规则之外,就是不规则的,需一一记忆现在完成时的句式1.肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.2.否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.havenot=haven’t,hasnot=hasn’t3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答:No,主语+have/hasnot.句型转换1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.①I____________myhomework.(改为否定句)②—______you______yourhomework?(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)—Yes,____________.答案:1.①haven’tfinished②Have;finished;IhaveZx.xk2.Hisdreamhascometrue.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)---______hisdream______true?---No,____________.答案:2.Has;come;ithasn’t●现在完成时的时间状语:(1)用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完成家庭作业了。Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完成家庭作业。already一般用于肯定句,用于疑问句时表示惊讶,出乎意料。常放于句中,实义动词之前,助动词之后。yet一般用于否定句或疑问句。常放在句尾,疑问句中译为“已经”,否定句中译为“还”,notyet常用在答语中,意为“尚未;还没有”。ThePresentPerfectwithalready,yet1.Haveyouwateredtheplantsyet?(疑问句)Yes,Ihavealreadywateredthem.(肯定句)2.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?(疑问句)Yes,Ihavealreadyfinishedit.(肯定句)3.Haveyoufoundyourbikeyet?(疑问句)Yes,Ihavealreadyfoundit.(肯定句)4.Haveyoureadthisbookyet?(疑问句)No,Ihaven’treadityet.(否定句)Notyet.(否定句)(2)用ever和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”等。—HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?你曾经去过长城吗?—No,IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.不,我从未去过长城。(3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,uptonow等。Ihaveseenherbefore,butIcannotrememberwhere.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。(4)与since或for表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。since后接时间点或过去时的句子;for后接时间段。Ihaven’tseenhimfortwoyears.我已经两年没见到他了。Shehastaughtussincelastyear.自从去年起她教我们。IhaveskatedsinceIwasfouryearsold.从我四岁时我就开始滑冰了。单项选择。()1.—Haveyoutakenoutthetrash,Belly?—______.I’lldoitrightaway.A.Sorry,IhaveB.No,Ididn’tC.No,Idon’tD.Notyet()2.—Haveyou_______visitedShanghai?—No,_______.A.ever;notB.never;notC.ever;neverD.never;everDC()3.—Couldyougototheparkwithmethisafternoon?—Sorry,I_______there.Iwentthereyesterday.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.wentD.was()4.—Haveyouwashedyourclothes______?—No,Ihaven’t.ButIhavecleanedtheroom_______.A.ago;alreadyB.yet;yetC.before;yetD.yet;alreadyBD(2010.河北省卷,41.1)Mybrotherleftschoolin2005,andsincethenheinBeijing.A.livesB.livedC.willliveD.haslived(2010·湖北省黄冈市,35,1)-IjoinedtheLeague______May,2008.Whataboutyou?-I’vebeenaLeaguemember______threeyears.A.in;forB.on;inC.on;forD.in;sinceDA(2011四川资阳)27.Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses________inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt答案:D【解析】考查动词的时态。句中有Sofar“到目前为止”,使用现在完成时态,故选D。现在完成时中延续性动词和终止性动词英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的。终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或点动词,如:become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,die,finish,gettoknow,go,join,marry,start,stop等。终止性动词表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,如for+时间段、since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句。若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,或用在howlong句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词。以下是常用的瞬间性动词和延续性动词转换对应表:come—beherebuy—haveborrow—keepleave—beawaydie—bedeadstop—beoverbegin/start—beonZx.xk1、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(对划线部分提问)_________________havetheybeenhere?2、Theoldman_______lastyear.(die/dead)He___________________forayear.(die/dead)(选词填空)3、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory_____________fortwentyyears.Howlongdiedhasbeenopenhasbeendead4、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)MissGao___________________anhour.5、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.hasbeenawayforjoinedago()5.Iamasoldier.I______thearmy______aboutfiveyears.A.havejoined;sinceB.havejoined;forC.havebeenin;forD.havebeenin;sinceC课堂小结现在完成时定义构成时间状语句型转换
本文标题:八年级英语下册《Unit-8-Have-you-read-Treasure-Island-yet》课
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