非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词

Grammar非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词分词：Participles一分词的概述1.分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词（PresentParticiple）和过去分词（PastParticiple）。2.现在分词：doing过去分词：done3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?Thesoldierkilledinthewarwasadoctor.2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成Developingcountry发展中国家Developedcountry发达国家boilingwater正在沸腾的水boiledwater已经烧开了的水二、分词的作用•1、作定语分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Makelessnoise.There’sasleepingchild.Weonlysellusedbooks.我们只卖用过的书。（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnandMaryistheeditorofthecampusnewspaper.现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。坐在John和Mary之间的那个年轻男人是校园新闻报的编辑。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere.(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.）想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。Theman,whohadbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.)由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves•落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令人鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别4、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Whenweseefromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.Whenthefactoryisseenfromthetopofthetower,theFactorylooksbeautiful.Whentheyheardthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.WhentheyheardthebadnewsGivenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.And/WhentheyweresingingandlaughingToservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.InorderthatIcanservethepeoplewell判断下列句子正误并改正：1.TolearnEnglishwell,alotofpracticemustbedone.2.Seeingfromthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.3.Heating,waterwillboil.4.Gettingthere,thedoorwasfoundopened.SeenHeatedwefoundthedooropen.Wemustdoalotofpractice.将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Notknowingheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.2.Enteringtheroom,Isawastrangesight.3,Scoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.BecauseIdon’tknowheraddress,Ican’twritetoher.WhenIenteredtheroom,Isawastrangesight.Afterhewasscoldedbytheteacher,hewasverysad.4.Notknowingwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.5.Hearingherfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.6.Knowinghisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.Whenshehadheardherfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.Becausehedidn’tknowwheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.Afterheknewhisteamhadwon,hebecamehappyatonce.HomeworkGooverthenotesyoujusttook.