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易混动词及词组1.accept和receive均可表示“接受”,但是用法不同。(1)accept“接受”指当事人的态度,同意或不同意采纳HeaskedLucytomarryhimandsheacceptedhisproposal.(2)receive“接到”指客观事实,不含是否愿意接受的意思Shereceivedaninvitationbutcouldn’tacceptit.2.addto,add...to...和addupto均可表示“加,添”,但用法不同。(1)addto=increase“增加,增添”add在此处为不及物动词,to是介词,一起构成短语动词,作及物动词用,主语通常是物。Thebadweatheronlyaddedtoourdifficulties.(2)add...to...“把......加到......上”主语通常是人,可用于主动语态和被动语态。Willyoupleaseaddafewnotestotheessay?(请你给这篇散文加一些注释好吗?)(3)addupto“总计,共达”Thesenumbersaddupto100.3.arrive,get和reach均可表示“到达”,但用法不同。(1)arrive是不及物动词,常见用法A:“arrivein+大地点”B:“arriveat+小地点”WhenwillyouarriveinShanghai?Wearrivedattherestaurantatsixintheevening.(2)get是不及物动词,常见用法“getto+地点名词”Howdoyouusuallygettoschooleveryday?(3)reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。Whenshereachedtheoffice,thesecretarygaveheranurgentletterfromAmericaatonce.4.borrow,lend和keep均可表示“借”,但用法不同。(1)borrow“借”,是终止性动词,表示主语“借入”某物如borrowsthfromsb表示“从某人处借了某物”Iborrowedanovelfromtheschoollibrary.(2)lend“借给”是终止性动词,表示主语“借出”某物如lendsb.sth或lendsthtosb均表示“把某物借给了某人”Couldyoulendmeabike?(3)keep“保存,借”是持续动词,表示“借入之后长时间地保留某物”如keepsthfor+时间表示“已经借了多长时间”Howlongcanikeepthebook?5.careabout和carefor均含care,但用法不同(1)careabout“在乎,在意”常用于否定句,指主语无所谓的态度Hedidn’tcareaboutanythingpeoplemightsay.(2)carefor“照料,尊重,喜欢”Thelittleboyiswellcaredforinthenursery.6.look,see,watch和read均可表示“看”,但用法不同(1)look“看”表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需要加介词at才能跟宾语。Look!Thereisaplaninthesky.Lookatthepicturecarefully.(2)see“看见”强调看到的结果,后面可直接跟宾语Icanseethegirlwhoishidingbehindthetable.(3)watch“观看”尤指观看比赛,电视等It’snotgoodforchildrentowatchTVforalongtime.(4)read“读,看(书,报),表示阅读,后面可直接跟宾语。Don’treadbooksinthesun.Itwillhurtyoureyes.7.listento与hear均可表示“听”,但用法不同(1)listen是不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,listento“听.......”,强调听的动作Listen!What’sthatnoise?Helikeslisteningtomusic.(2)hear“听到”,强调听到的结果Sheheardfootstepsbehindher.8.say,speak,talk和tell均可表示“说”,但用法不同(1)say“说”,作为及物动词使用,其后常跟直接引语和间接引语Hesaidhewouldcometonight.“Goodnight,”shesaid.(2)speak“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用,有时作为及物动词speak+各种语言MayispeaktoJohn,please?DoyouspeakEnglish?(3)talk“谈话”,是不及物动词,talkabout表示“谈论关于......”talkto/with表示“和......讲话”Mr.Thompsonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow,pleasewaithereforamoment.Whatareyoutalkingabout?(4)tell“告诉,讲述”,是及物动词,可带双宾语和复合宾语,常用结构,tellsbsth/that从句;tellsbtodosth.Theteachertoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.ShetoldusthatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextweek.9.bring,take,fetch和carry均可表示“拿,取”,但用法不同。(1)bring“带来,拿来”只把某物和某人从另一个地方带到说话的地方来,或者可以说是由远及近Bringmeyoudictionarytomorrow.(2)take“带走”指把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去,也可以说是“由近及远”,常和介词to搭配Canyouhelpmetakethebooktotheclassroom?(3)carry“提,扛,搬,携带”意思较多,没有方向性Heiscarryingwater.(4)fetch“去拿,去取”,表示往返取物Shewenttofetchthekids.10.lookfor,searchfor和find均可表示“寻找”,但用法不同。(1)lookfor“寻找”强调寻找的过程。Iamlookingforthekey.Doyouseeit?(2)searchfor“寻找,搜寻”其对象多是一个或一批人或物,如找矿,找资料,找文件,找工作等。它强调寻找的行为,不着重结果。Theyaresearchingforthemissingchild.(3)find“找到”强调寻找的结果。Canyoufindmyshoes?11.cost,pay,spend,和take均可表示“花费”,但用法不同(1)cost“花费(时间或金钱)”,后面直接跟时间和金钱,但主语是物Thebookcostme120yuan.(2)pay“支付”词组“pay+金钱+forsth”表示“为某物花了多少钱”,主语是人Ipaid25dollarsforthedress.(3)spend“花费(时间和金钱)”常用结构“spend+时间或金钱+onsth或spend+时间或金钱+(in)doingsth”主语是人Maryspent1,000dollarsonthetriptothebeach.Shespentanhourdressingupherlittlesister.(4)take“花费(时间或金钱)固定结构:Ittakes(各种时态)+sb+时间或金钱+todosthIttookmehalfadaytogetthere.12.dress,puton,wear和in均可表示“穿”,但用法不同(1)dress常见用法有:dresssb和dresssbup。dresssb“给某人穿衣服”dresssbup“打扮某人”Theboydresshimselfquickly.Mymotherisdressingupmybrotherandtheyaregoingtoaparty.(2)puton“穿上,戴上”,表示动作Afterputtingonhiscoat,Jimwentouttoplaywithhisclassmates.(3)wear“穿着,戴着”表示状态Bobiswearingaredshirttoday.(4)in表示穿着后面加衣服的颜色Themaninablackshirtismyfather.13.fail和lose均可表示“失败”,但用法不同。(1)fail“失败”可作不及物动词,常见用法:failtodosth,表示“做某事失败,没能做成某事”Jimmyfailedtopasstheexam.(2)lose“输”后面可直接借比赛,战斗等,表示输掉比赛或战斗,也可用于losetosb,表示输给某人I’amsosorrythatyoulosethegame.14.beat和win均可表示“打败”,但用法不同(1)beat“打败”常见用法:beat+某人或某支队伍,表示“打败某人或某队”Look!Theyarefighting.IthinkTomwillLiLeibutbeforethathappens,stopthem.(3)win“赢得”,如是赢得荣誉,比赛,地位等,表示某人经过努力和全力拼搏胜过其他人,不一定有正面对抗。Sheisgladtoseethatherhusbandwonthegame.15.attend,join,joinin和takepartin均可表示“参加”,但用法不同(1)attend“出席”,指出席会议Ourmotherattendedthemeetingthismorning.(2)join“参加,加入”,一般指加入某组织并成为其中的一员,如参军,入党等Idon’tknowwhetherhehasjoinedthearmyornot.(3)joininsth/doingsth“参加”后面接一般表示竞赛,娱乐,游戏等活动的名词或V-ingTheyalljoininsingthesong.(4)takepartin“参加”指参加某种活动,如聚会,运动会等Wouldyouliketotakepartinthesportsmeetingnextweek?16.lay和lie(1)lay表示“放置;铺;产(蛋,卵)”时,过去式和过去分词是不规则变化:lay-laid-laidLaythebooksdownandyoucango.(2)lie表示“说谎”时,可做及物动词和不及物动词,过去式和过去分词是规则变化:lie-lied-liedIcan’tbelievedheliedtome.(3)lie表示“躺,位于”时为不及物动词,过去式和过去分词是不规则变化:lie-lay-lainIneedtoliedownforawhile.Thirtyyearsago,thehouselayinthesouthwestcornerofthecity.17.usedtodosth,be/getusedtodoingsth和beusedtodosth(1)usedtodosth固定搭配,表示“过去常常做某事”Iusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.(2)be/getusedtodoingsth是固定搭配,表示“习惯做某事”,to后的动词用V-ing形式Igetusedtogettingupearlynow.(3)beusedtodosth是被动语态,表示“被用来做什么”,use在该短语中表示“使用”Woodisusedtomakepaper.18.thinkof,thinkabout和thinkover(1)thinkof“想到”SuddenlyMr.Brownthoughtoftheshowlastyear.(2)thinkabout“考虑”,宾语若是代词it或them,则将其置后,即thinkaboutit/themWouldy
本文标题:初中易混动词及词组
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