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习语的翻译•习语就其广义而言,包括成语、俗语、谚语、歇后语等。•任何一种语言的习语、引语都与使用该语言的民族的历史、经济、文化、风俗习惯、价值观念、地理位置等密切相关。因此,习语、引语有明显的民族特色,是人民群众智慧的结晶,是经过长期使用而提炼出来的妙语名言。习语、引语准确、快速、流利的互译可以简明、生动、形象、有力地表达说话人的思想、观点和情感,增强语言的魅力和表达效果。•习语、引语的翻译主要靠译员两种语言的扎实功底,包括对两种语言的词汇、文学、文化背景知识的丰富积累和口译技巧的熟练掌握。习语的翻译主要有三种方法:直译、直译与转换相结合和意译法。1.直译法•对结构和意义上完全对应的习语应采用对等直译法。把原语的习俗、比喻移植到译入语中,这样既能确切地表达原意,又能保留原语生动、形象、鲜明的民族色彩。•英汉两种语言中很多习语,包括很多汉语歇后语都可以采用直译法。这是英汉两种文化互相交流和两种语言相互溶入的结果。•英语习语的汉译stonyheart/haveaheartofstone铁石心肠plainsailing一帆风顺inblackandwhite白纸黑字fleshandblood亲骨肉;亲人asfirmasarock坚如磐石tobeledbythenose被牵着鼻子走toshowone'scards摊牌tobearmedtotheteeth武装到牙齿\全副武装toturnadeafearto…充耳不闻topickbonesfromanegg鸡蛋里面挑骨头Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失败乃成功之母Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚实是上策Childrenandfoolstellthetruth.童愚吐真言Evilisrewardedwithevil.恶有恶报Contentishappiness.知足者常乐Knowyourownfaultsbeforeblamingothersfortheirs.欲责他人,应先知己过;欲正人,先正己。•汉语习语的英译一心一意withoneheartandonemind沧海一滴adropintheocean轻如鸿毛aslightasafeather实事求是toseektruthfromfacts一见如故tofeellikeoldfriendsatthefirstmeeting同甘共苦toshareeachother'sjoysandhardships掩耳盗铃toplugone'searswhilestealingabell知识就是力量。Knowledgeispower.一寸光阴一寸金,寸金难买寸光阴。Aninchoftimeisworthaninchofgold,butaninchofgoldcannotpurchaseaninchoftime.一回生,两回熟。Firstmeeting,strangers;secondmeeting,oldfriends.一年之计在于春。Thewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring.一鸟在手远胜两鸟在林。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.兔子尾巴——长不了。Likearabbittail-----itcannotgrowanylonger-----itwon'tlastlong.搬起石头砸自己的脚——自作自受toliftarockonlytodropitonone'sownfeet-----tosufferfromwhatonehasdone鳄鱼掉眼泪——假慈悲crocodilesheddingtears------pretendingtobebenevolent2.直译和转换相结合•对一些结构上对应或部分对应,比喻相似、意思相近的习语应采用直译和转换相结合的方法,对等部分直译,不对等部分进行适当转换。按照英汉两种语言各自的习俗、比喻和习惯表达方法译出,做到既能确切表达原意,又符合译入语的习俗和比喻。asblindasabat有眼无珠astimidasahare胆小如鼠onpinsandneedles如坐针毡aspoorasachurchmouse一贫如洗tokilltwobirdswithonestone一箭双雕towakeupasleepingdog打草惊蛇tobeatthedogbeforethelion杀鸡给猴看Lockthedoorafterthehorseisstolen.亡羊补牢。Hewhotakeschargeknowstheresponsibility.不当家不知柴米贵。Poorbycondition,richbyambition.人穷志不短。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.事在人为。Ittakestwotomakeaquarrel.一个巴掌拍不响。Asamansows,soheshallreap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。Don‘twashyourdirtylineninpublic.家丑不可外扬。Beautyisintheeyeofthebeholder.情人眼里出西施。3.意译•还有一类习语,在结构和字面意思上,英汉两种语言似乎无相近之处。其确切的意思有时难以捉摸。遇到这一类习语,译员要根据交谈双方的话题、意图及谈话的背景和上下文意思等因素,充分理解所用习语的含义,采用意译、意译加注和其它变通方法,最重要的是译出话语的真正含义。同时,尽可能的保留原语的民族和地方色彩。不要按字面意思死译,以免造成歧义。afarcryfrom…tofacethemusictospillthebeanstobeuptoone'searstobeataroundthebushtocutcornerstoholdone'shorsesinone'selement与……相差甚远;大不相同勇于承担后果不慎泄密有许多事情要做;忙于旁敲侧击,转弯抹角节约别忙;耐心点;别沉不住气在行;擅长onone'stoes机灵onceinabluemoon极难得;千载难逢toseeeyetoeye与(某人)看法一致straightfromtheshoulder直截了当totakesomethingwithagrainofsalt对某事半信半疑或不全信toputallone'seggsinonebasket孤注一掷;冒险toteachone'sgrandmothertosucheggs班门弄斧;好为人师toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置tomisstheboat坐失良机toburnthecandleatbothends过分耗费精力topokeone'snoseinto…探听;干涉toplayforone'sownhand为自己的利益而做topullwooloverone'seyes蒙蔽某人tocallaspadeaspade实话实说,直言不讳Birdsofafeatureflocktogether.物以类聚,人以群分Loveme;lovemydog.爱吾及犬;爱屋及乌Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马不是一天建成的;伟业非一日可成;冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。Halftheworldknowsnothowtheotherhalflives.富人不知穷人苦;饱汉不知饿汉饥。•有些汉语习语、俗语、歇后语有强烈而浓厚的民族色彩,意译不能确切表达原意。必须采用意译加注,说明必要的历史文化背景,才能很好传达原意。•卧薪尝胆•tosleeponbrushwoodandtastegall-----toundergoself-imposedhardshipssoastostrengthenone’sresolvetowipeoutanationalhumility;•toendurehardshipstoaccomplishsomeambition•望子成龙•tohopeone’schildwillbecomesomebodyinthefuture;•tohopeone’schildwillhaveabrightfuture;•toholdhighhopesforone’schild•不到长城非好汉。•HewhofailstoreachtheGreatWallisnotatruehero;notstopuntilone’saimisobtained•八仙过海,各显神通。•TheEightImmortalscrossingthesea-----eachshowshis/herspecialprowess(inthelegend,theyweredescribedasfairieswithdifferentmagicarts);•LiketheEightImmortalssoaringtheocean,eachofyoushouldshowyourtrueworth.•打破砂锅——问(纹)到底•breakinganearthenwarepot-----(lit)-crackedtothebottom;•(pun)interrogatethoroughly;•togettothebottomofamatter•引语的翻译主要靠译员平时的勤学和积累。一个成功的译员不仅要有熟练的英汉语言技能,而且要有广博的英汉文学、历史、文化知识,掌握一定数量的英汉名人格言、经典佳句。因此,译员只有平时用心铭记,注意收集,不断充实,用时才能左右逢源,得心应手。英语引语•Knowledgeislikethespringwaterunderground---thedeeperyoudig,thecleareristhewater.•知识好像地下的泉水,掘得越深越清澈。•Wastenot,wantnot.•旧的不去,新的不来。•Carveyournameonheartsbutnotonmarbles.•把你的名字刻在人们的心上,而不是大理石上。•Timeismoney;trustisgold.•时间是金钱,信用是金子。•Timeandtidewaitfornoman.•时光如逝水,岁月不待人。•Richesaregottenwithpain,keptwithcare,andlostwithgrief.•财富得之不易,存之忧虑,失之悲痛。汉语引语•己所不欲,勿施于人。•Donotdotootherswhatyouwouldnothavethemdotoyou.•知己知彼,百战不殆。•Knowtheenemyandknowyourself,andyoucanfightahundredbattleswithnodangerofdefeat.•贫贱不能移,威武不能屈。•Heisnottobesubduedbyforcenotswervedbypoverty.•国家兴亡,匹夫有责。•Thefortuneofacountrydependsonthepeopleinit.•识实务者为俊杰。•Amanwhoknowswherehisinterestlieswillsucceed.•学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。•Learningwithoutthoughtmeanslaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous.•业精于勤,荒于嬉。•Achievementisfoundedondiligenceandwasteduponrecklessness.•勤能补拙。•Diligenceredeemsstupidity.•一言既出,驷马难追。•Awordoncespokencannotbetakenbackevenbyateamoffourhorses.•一人之失,百人之师。•Apastmistakeofoneservesasagoodlessonforall.•人勤地不懒。•Ifthetillerisindustrious,thefarmlandisproductive.•
本文标题:习语的翻译
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