大学英语语法之构词法 Word-formation

EnglishGrammarChapterTwoword-formation1转化法conversion2合成法compounding/composition3派生法derivation/affixation词缀法4截短法clipping/shortening5拼缀法blending6缩略词abbreviation7首字母缩略词acronym8反转构词法back-formation(1)v.→n.try,look,say(2)n.→v.book,chair,bridge(3)adj.→v.slow,calm,better(4)ad.→v.further,forward(5)adj.→n.bitter,final,daily(6)others→n.upsanddowns,aheorashe?amust;compoundnouncompoundadjectivecompoundpronouncompoundverbcompoundadverb＊hyphen＊classroom;blackboard;pickpocket;overcoat;reading-room;uprising;＊good-looking;evergreen;cold-blooded;man-made;＊someone;anybody;nothing;＊sun-bathe;broadcast;upset;＊meanwhile;therefore;词根root/base;前缀prefix→word’smeaning后缀suffix→wordclasssomeprefixes→wordclass1commonprefix2commonnounsuffix3commonadj.suffix4commonverbsuffix5commonadv.suffix6commonnum.suffix7commonnum.prefix1截头telephone→phone;aeroplane→plane;2去尾exam;lab;ad;dorm;pop;photo;kilo;gym3即截头又去尾refrigerator→fridge;influenza→flu4几个词→一个词nylon-stockings→nylons;popularsongsinger→pop-singerthree-dimensionalfilm→Three-Dsmog→smoke+fogbrunch→breakfast+lunchmotel→motor+hotelbotel→boat+hotelOxbridge→Oxford+Cambridge1首+尾interpol→international+policesci-fi→science+fictionmoped→motor+pedalsitcom→situation+comedycomsat→communication+satellite2首+首airtel→air+hotelcarbecue→car+barbecueautopia→auto+utopiaworkfare→work+welfarelunarnaut→lunar+astronaut3全+尾slimnastics→slim+gymnasticsmedicare→medical+caremedichair→medical+chairhelipad→helicopter+padteleviewer→television+viewertelediagnosis→television+diagnosis4首+全Mr.Mrs.Ms.Dr.Prof.Apt.Rd.St.Ave.No.a.m.p.m.AD/A.D.BC/B.C.kg.km.dl.m.dm.cm.mm.TV/T.V.FL.PA.S.N.E.W.anti-反；抗；防anti-imperialist;antibody;arch-主要的arch-enemy;archbishop;arch-criminal;auto-自（动）的automobile;autobiography;bi-双bicycle;bilingual;by-在旁；副；次要的bystander;by-product;by-election;by-effect;co-共同co-existence;co-operation;co-worker;counter-反counter-clockwise;counter-revolutionary;de-除去；否定demilitarize;decentralization;dis-不；否定（做相反动作）disorder;disarmament;en-;em-使成为enable;enlarge;enslave;encourage;embed;ex-前,向外ex-president;ex-wife;export;extra-外extraordinary;extra-curricular;extra-official;for-;fore-先；前；预forward;foresee;forearm;foretaste;foreman;for-禁；弃forbid;forget;forgohydro-水hydro-electric;hydroplane;in-;im-;il-;ir-不；非informal;impossible;immoral;irregular;illegal;inter-间；相互interview;international;mal-恶maltreat;malnutrition;malpractice;micro-百万分之一；微；放大；microsecond;microfilm;microphone;mid-中midday;midnight;mid-autumn;mid-term;mis-误mislead;misunderstand;mono-单一monotonous;monolingual;monosyllabic;monologue;multi-多multi-national;multi-purpose;multi-colored;multilateral;neo-新neoclassical;neo-colony;non-不；非nonexistent;nonsense;non-stop;non-smoker;post-后于post-war;postgraduate;pre-先于prepay;pre-war;pre-revolution;pro-赞成；亲善；代替pronoun;pro-American;pro-consul;pseudo-伪pseudo-science;pseudonym;re-重；再；复reunite;review;reread;retell;semi-半semi-weekly;semi-final;semiconductor;semi-colonial;sub-下；次substructure;subway;subdivide;subheading;super-上；超supermarket;super-profit;superpower;superstructure;syn-;sym-;syl-同synonym;sympathy;tele-远telegram/telegraph;telephone;telescope;television;trans-横过；转移transport;transplant;transformation;transoceanic;tri-三triangle;trichord;tricar;ultra-之外；极；超ultra-violet;ultra-leftist;ultramicroscope;un-不unjust;unable;untrue;unfair;uni-一；单uniform;unilateral;unisex;unique;unicycle;vice-副vice-governor;vice-dean;vice-president;over-过于；上overdo;over-estimate;under-不够；下underfeed;under-estimate;underground;self-自动（我）self-starter;self-service;self-correcting;mini-特小的minibus;miniskirt;minicab;hyper-超；过分hyperactive;hypertension;hypersensitive;poly-多polytechnic;polysemy;polygamy;polychrome;–age状态；集合marriage;shortage;teenage;–al动作；性质；状态signal;arrival;withdrawal;revival;approval;refusal;–an人；语American;Russian;Italian;–ance性质；状态；动作acceptance;importance;appearance;–ant,ent人merchant;assistant;defendant;student;–ate职务；动作涉及对象；…盐酸doctorate;consulate;electorate;sulphate;–ation/ition动作repetitionpreparation;competition;–cide杀insecticide;suicide–cracy统治bureaucracy;democracy;aristocracy;–craft技巧；工艺；飞行器handicraft;aircraft;–dom状态；领域kingdom;freedom;wisdom;–ee（被动）人employee;absentee;trainee;–eer人engineer;volunteer;–ence/ency（抽象n.）currency;dependence;excellence;frequency;–er人；动作者thinker;writer;washer;harvester;–ese人；语Chinese;Japanese;Hunanese;Viennese;Vietnamese–ess女性actress;princess;goddess;shepherdess;tailoress–ette小；假/人造；女性；组/组合cigarette;kitchenette;dinette;usherette–ful量spoonful;handful;armful;mouthful;–graph书写；录telegraph;photograph;–hood身份；境遇；状态childhood;livelihood;likelihood;neighborhood;–ian人Christian;guardian;musician;technician;–ice抽象n.justice;service;–ing物体；概念building;feeling;painting;wedding;–ion抽象n.expansion;discussion;decision;–ism主义；教feudalism;Buddhism;imperialism;–ist主义者；人artist;socialist;communist;–ity抽象n.possibility;capability;–let小…booklet;streamlet;leaflet;bracelet;–ling小…（有时有轻蔑之义）duckling;sapling;–logy学科psychology;geology;philology;biology;–man人postman;countryman;Frenchman;–ment运动；结果judgment;government;movement;payment;–ness状态；性质tiredness;correctn