关于工程和工程创新的几个理论问题

关于工程和工程创新的几个理论问题李伯聪(,100049)[]立足于科学技术工程三元论,简要地论述了认识工程的全要素观点和全过程的观点绝不能简单地把工程看做仅仅是科学技术的单纯应用,工程活动的灵魂是具有唯一性和当时当地的独特个性对比和分析了科学发现活动只承认第一和工程项目具有唯一性的关系和区别,分析了作为一个哲学命题的工程活动具有创新性与作为一个现实评价论要求的工程活动的创新性的关系和区别在国家创新体系中,工程创新是创新活动的主战场[]工程;工程创新;工程项目;工程哲学[]N031[]A[]1000-3541(2008)02-0103-06SomeTheoreticalIssuesofEngineeringandEngineeringInnovationLIBo-cong(GraduateUniversity,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China)Abstract:Abstract:Frompointofviewofallfactorsandallstagesofengineeringactivity,theauthorexplainsnatureandcharacteris-ticsofengineeringprojectsanddrawsacomparisonbetweenthefirstdiscoveryinscientificactivityandtheuniquenessofengineeringactivity.Engineeringdoesnotmeansimpleuseofsciencesandtechnology.Thesoulofengineeringactivityisuniqueandlocalnatureofengineeringprojects.Atlast,theauthoradvocatesathesisthatengineeringinnovationisthemainbattlefieldinallinnovationalactivities.Keywords:engineering;engineeringinnovation;engineeringprojects;philosophyofengineering[]2007-12-012002:,,:(2001),,2002,35,,,,,,,,2070,innovation,,,20,,,:20,,,,[1]:,,1032008年第2期(总第208期)THENORTHERNFORUMNo2,2008TotalNo208,,,,,,project,,engineering,project(),engineeringprojects[2](p.2);,engineeringprojects,,engineeringprojects,,,,,,,,;,,?,?,?,:,,,,,,,?,,,,(),,,,,,,:(praxiology),(engineeringprojects),,,(:,:,),,(unique),,(medicine),(corroboration),,[3](p.273),,,,,,:,,[4](pp.28-42),,,,,,,104,,:,,,,,,,,,?,(initiationoftask)(design),(manufac-ture)(construction)(qualitycontroltesting)(advertising)(sales)(installation)(useoftheproduct)(repair)(monitoringsocialandenvironmentaleffects),(recycling)(disposalofmaterialsandwastes)(finaltasks),[2](pp.16-17),,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[5](pp.29-30),,()(,),,,,,,,,,,,105,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[6],:,,:?,,,,:,,,,,[7](p.146),,,,,,,(),,;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;,,,106,,,,,,,,,:/,,,5W,(Whoever)(Wherever)(Whenever)(Whomever)(Whatever),,/,2000318,40:/,,/,,,,,;,,,,,,,,,/,,,,[8],,,;,,,,,,:/,[9](p.18),,,,,,,,20601966,,,,2080,,,,/,1987,:;1988,,[10](pp.377-485)209021,2090,2006,,,,,107),,,,,,:;,,,,,,,:/,,:,[11](p.74),,,,,,;,,,,()[][1].[M].:,2002;.[A]..(1)[C].:,2003.[2]Martin,M.W.andSchinzingerR.EthicsinEngineering[M].NewYork:McGraw-Hill,2005.[3]Broome,Jr.T.H.BridgingGapsinPhilosophyandEngineering[A].Durbin,P.T.CriticalPerspectivesonNonacademicScienceandEngi-neering[C].Bethlehem:LehighUniversityPress,1991.[4].[A]..(2)[C].:,2006.[5].[A]..(2001)[C].:,2002.[6][],.[M]..:,2004;[],.[M].,.:,2004.[7][].[M].,.:,2004.[8].[J].,2006,(2).[9][].[M].,.:,1990.[10][],.[C].,.:,1992.[11]:3[M].:,1972.(作者系中国科学院研究生院教授,博士生导师)[])108)