您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 外语资料 > 英语基础 > 高中英语语法-句子成分 (1)
中学英语语法实词:虚词:I.词类:名词(n.),代词(pron.),形容词(adj.),数词(num.),动词(v.),副词(adv.)冠词(art.),介词(prep.),连词(conj.),感叹词(int.)。II.短语名词短语动词短语形容词短语副词短语介词短语不定式短语动名词短语分词短语agoodstudentcan’tbelieve,iscomingverycold,oldenoughverycarefullyatthegatetodoWatchingTVisapleasure.Thewomanwashingdishesismyaunt.Leftaloneathome,thegirlcried句子成分英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)表语(predicative)补足语(complement)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)同位语(appositive)主语:是句子要说明的人或物,说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.主语由名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动名词(短语)、名词性从句充当。It’sdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Isitagoodideasendingmorepeoplethere?Itmattersifyouhavetriedyourbesttodoit..形式主语:若主语是动词不定式,动名词或从句,可用it作形式主语代替其位置,而将其置于句子后面。谓语:说明主语的动作或所处的状态,(predicate)一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendshere.3)Ihavetriedthiswaythreetimes.4)WeshouldpayattentiontotheEnglishidioms.5)Heisworkinginthegarden.谓语有时态和语态的变化,要与主语保持人称和数的一致。表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词(如be,become)之后,与系动词一起构成复合谓语,说明主语的身份,特征,属性或状态等。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.(名词)(形容词)(副词)(介词短语)(不定式)(动名词短语)(名词性从句)表语由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词或名词从句等充当。宾语:表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词或介词后面.1)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.2)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?3)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?4)Themedicineisgoodforthisboy.5)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.宾语由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、名词性从句充当.Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.(双宾语)me间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的。anovel直接宾语表示动作的直接承受者或结果。形式宾语:若宾语是动词不定式,动名词或宾语从句,可用it作形式宾语代替其位置,而将其到宾补之后。补足语:用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、状态。分为宾补和主补。主语补足语:对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.谓语为被动语态时,补语为主补宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作,状态,特征.Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词作宾补)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词作宾补)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词作宾补)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语作宾补)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式作宾补)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式作宾补)Don’tkeepthefireburning.(现在分词作宾补)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词作宾补)定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。①Maryisachemistryteacher.(名词作定语)②Heisourfriend.(代词作定语)③Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词作定语)④Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词作定语)⑤Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词作定语)⑥Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词短语作定语)⑦TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词短语作定语)⑧Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词作定语)⑨Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式作定语)⑩YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句作定语)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingswell./Heisveryhandsome.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Arrivingthere,callmeup.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)Leftaloneathome,thechildfeltscaredandcouldn’tfallasleep.6)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.(现在分词)(介词短语)(副词)(动词不定式)(过去分词)(状语从句)同位语是在名词或代词之后,对其作进一步解释或说明,在语法上处于同等地位。名词、代词、数词、和名词性从句等均可作同位语。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语)Thenewsthatwe’rehavingaholidayistrue.(从句作news的同位语,说明其具体内容)Homework了解各句子成分的意义,总结各成分分别是由什么词或短语充当。主语谓语宾语表语补足语定语状语同位语
本文标题:高中英语语法-句子成分 (1)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-4604246 .html