垃圾焚烧发电布袋除尘系统的研究

I摘要利用垃圾焚烧发电的技术，在国外发达国家已经比较成熟；我国则刚刚兴起发展态势，虽然已经兴建了一些垃圾发电厂，但工艺技术还在探索研究，尤其是垃圾焚烧产生的烟气净化环节。本课题源自重庆三峰卡万塔环境有限公司一已建成项目福州红庙岭垃圾焚烧发电厂中的一个子项目。本人协同项目组一起制定了烟气处理系统中布袋除尘装置技术方案，并且在此基础上独立进行了电控系统的硬件和软件设计调试，并对其控制系统做了详细的研究。本文重点介绍集散系统控制（DCS）在垃圾焚烧发电厂的应用，并对主要控制功能的设计思路进行详细的叙述。本文首先对布袋除尘装置的工作原理及工艺流程进行了分析，又详细论证了电气控制及监控系统方案选择的依据，结合现场实际情况和用户要求，昀后确定了采用浙江中控技术有限公司的ECS-100集散系统来实现对整个布袋除尘系统的实时监测和远程控制。本文对系统主要控制功能的设计思路进行详细的叙述，重点解决了布袋除尘装置的预加热控制和清灰过程的手动及自动控制。实现了预加热控制和清灰控制的自动切换，以及预加热对布袋除尘器内部的恒温（130度）控制。清灰过程控制实现了定时清灰、定阻清灰的自动控制，尤其是128个脉冲清灰阀的顺序、循环控制，并实现了对脉冲清灰阀的记忆控制。下位机系统具有独立运行功能，对现场数据的采集和现场设备的本地手动控制，也可以远程DCS自动控制和手动控制。与上位机DCS系统进行通信，实现上位机DCS的远程监控。控制方式灵活多样，提高了控制的可靠性及维护操作的方便性。文中介绍了较新的垃圾发电工艺流程设计方法，对我国开展垃圾发电、环境保护和再生能源技术项目，发展循环经济具有十分重要的意义。关键词：垃圾焚烧发电，布袋除尘系统，DCSIIABSTRACTWastetoEnergy(WTE)technologyhasbeendevelopeddecadesindevelopedcountries.However,WTEtechnologyinourcountryisstillregardedasakindofnewtechnology.EventhoughtherehavesomeWTEplantsinourcountry,theWTEtechnologyisstillunderdevelopment,especiallyaboutcleaningoffluegasproducedfromwasteincineration.ThestudyliesontheoneofthetechnicalinnovationinFuzhouHongmiaolingWTEplantwhichisdevelopedbyChongqingSanfengCovantaEnvironmentalIndustryCo.,Ltd.Togetherwithtechnicalinnovationteam,wehavemadetechnicalschemeonbaghousecleaningdevicesinfluegascleaningsystem.Basedonthat,wehavecarriedoutsoftwareandhardwaredesignonelectricalsystemandmadecarefullyresearchoncontrolsystem.ThepaperemphasizeontheapplicationofDCSsystemintheWTEplantsanddetaileddescriptionofdesignthinkingonmaincontrolfunction.Thepaperfirstlymakesanalysisonprincipleofworkandtechnicalprocessofbaghousedust-cleaningsystemandalsomakesdiscussiononthebasisofselectionontechnicalschemeofelectricalcontrol&monitoringsystem.Theautomaticswitchesbetweenpreheatingcontrolanddustcleaningcontrolhavebeenmade.Moreover,internalthermostaticpreheatingcontrolinsidebaghousalsohasbeenmade.TheautomaticcontrolintimingcleaningandfixedresistancecleaninghasbeenmadeduringProcesscontrolofdustcleaning.Lowersystemhasthefunctionofindependentoperation.Fielddataacquisitionandfieldequipmentcanbecontrolledmanually,aswellasDCSautomaticremotecontrolandmanualcontrol.Havingcommunicatedwithlowersystem,DCSremotemonitoringonlowersystemcanberealized.Thevarietyofcontrolmannerscanimprovethereliabilityandconvenienceofthecontrol.ThepaperintroducenewdesignmethodsofWTEtechnicalprocess,whichcouldhavesignificancesondevelopingWTE,environmentprotectionandrenewableenergyproject,aswellasdevelopingrecyclingeconomy.Keywords:WastetoEnergy,Baghousedustremovingsystem,DCSIII目录摘要...........................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................II1绪论..........................................................................................................................11.1垃圾焚烧发电简介................................................................................................11.2发电厂自动控制现状与发展趋势........................................................................11.3DCS系统的发展及应用现状................................................................................11.3.1DCS的发展......................................................................................................21.3.2第四代DCS的特点........................................................................................31.3.3DCS的前景......................................................................................................31.4课题的来源及意义................................................................................................41.4.1课题的来源.....................................................................................................41.4.2课题的意义.....................................................................................................41.5本论文主要工作....................................................................................................51.6本章小结................................................................................................................52垃圾焚烧发电工艺流程..............................................................................................62.1垃圾焚烧发电工艺[14]............................................................................................62.2烟气净化处理技术................................................................................................72.2.1垃圾焚烧产生的污染.....................................................................................72.2.2烟气净化处理技术.........................................................................................72.2.3半干法烟气处理系统的工艺流程.................................................................82.3袋式除尘器............................................................................................................92.3.1袋式除尘器的发展.........................................................................................92.3.2袋式除尘器工作原理....................................................................................