定语从句.高中英语语法

定语从句在复合句中，用来修饰()或()的句子叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做()。名词代词先行词定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句。•限制性定语从句对被修饰词起到限制、修饰的作用，一般不可缺少。•非限制性定语从句起补充、附带说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解。通常用逗号与主句分开。e.g.Shesaidshehadfinishedherwork,whichIdoubtedverymuch.I’vegotsomepersonalaffairsthatIhavetodealwith.限制性非限制性定语从句常用关系词•关系代词：（在句中作主、表、宾、定等成分）•关系副词：（在句中作状语）who,whom,whose,that,which,as等where,when,why定语从句引导词的选择•取决于先行词（被修饰词）在定语从句中的位置、成分。e.g.Thepeoplewhom\who\thatyoumetinthecampusarefromAustralia.（作宾语）Thiswasthetimewhen\atwhichsheleftforBeijing.Theplacewhichheoftenvisitsisalwaysfullofartists.使用要点1.关系代词在从句中作主语时，不能省略。e.g.Theclassroomthatisonthefourthfloorispoorlyequipped.2.关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，常可省略。e.g.Thisisthegirlwithwhomheworks.3.关系副词在定语从句中不可省略。e.g.IhavecometoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.4.只用that，不用which的情况：a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；b.当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；c.当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,等不定代词修饰时；d.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时；e.先行词中既有人又有物时；f.当主语是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时；g.当先行词是theway,,thereason等时；h.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。5.只用which，不用that的情况：A引导非限制性定语从句时；Thehouse,whichheboughtlastyear,isverynice.B引导词前有介词时;6.当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；7.as引导的限制性定语从句的先行词是thesame,such,或被他们所修饰；e.g.Manyofthesportsarethesameastheywerewhentheystarted.Theresultwasnotsuchasheexpected.8.介词+关系代词一.关系代词的选用在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which,如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。e.g.ThisistheshipbywhichIwenttoShanghai.ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthebook.二.介词的选择1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词；e.g.ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.TheWestlake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.2.根据先行词来确定介词；e.g.Yesterdaywehadameetingatwhichwediscussedmanyproblems.3.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。e.g.a)Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.b)InfrontofthehouseTomisplantingatree,underwhichhewillbeabletositandreadsomeday.关系副词引导的定语从句1.when修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词，在定语从句中作时间状语。Istillrememberthedayswhenwelivedtogether.2.where修饰的先行词是表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语。Thisisthefactorywheremyfathereverworked.3.why修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。Didhetellyouthereasonwhyhewaslate?Exercises1.Thisisthetown________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_______Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday________Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_______hewaslate.Thisisthereason_______hetoldme.wherewhich/thatwhenwhich/thatwhythat2.Fillintheblankswithproperpreps.1.Thisisthebook_____whichIspent5yuan.2.Thisisthebook_____whichIpaid5yuan.3.Thisisthebook_____whichwecanlearnalot.4.Thisisthebook____whichweoftentalk.onforfromabout3.填入适当的引导词1.Pleasepassmethenotebook____coverisyellow.2.LiHuawasoneofthegirls____havethechancetogoabroad.3.All____isusefultousisgood.4.Air,_____webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.5.1949wastheyear____theNewChinawasborn.whosewhothatwhichwhen6.Idon'tknowthereason____shelooksunhappytoday.7.Thisisthevillage_____myfatherworkedthreeyearsago.8.Istillremembertheday____theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime.9.Theletter_________Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister.10.Thewoman_____yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.whywherewhenwhich/thatwhom4.单项选择1．Footballisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld．A．thatB．whichC．itD．who2．Isthereanythingelseyourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3ThelastplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall．A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it4Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool．A．whichB．whoC．itD．that5．Canyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A．youtalkedaboutB．aboutthatyoutalkedC．thatyoutalkedD．whichyoutalked6．Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecity?A．whoB．who’sC．whichD．whose7．I’llneverforgetthedayswestayedtogether．A．whenB．inwhichC．whichD．what8．IssomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A．thisschoolB．thistheschoolC．thisschooloneD．thisschoolwhere9．I’lltellyouhetoldmelastmonth．A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all10．Doyouknowthereasonshegotsoangryyesterday?A．forwhyB．forthatC．whichD．why11．Istillrememberthedayshefirstworethatpinkdress．A.whichB.inwhichC.onthatD.onwhich12．I’llshowyouastoreyoumaybuyallyouneed．A．inwhich,/B．where,whichC．which,thatD．that,that13．Winteristhetimeofyearthedaysareshortandnightsarelong．A．whereB．whenC．thatD．onwhich14．Isthereanythingtoyou．A．thatisbelongedB．thatbelongsC．whichbelongsD．thatbelong15．Youcantakeanyseatisfree．A．whichB．whereC．thatD．inwhich16．Theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisateacher．A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.ofwho17．Myhometownisnolongerthesameitusedtobe．A．whichB．asC．thatD．like5.改错1.ThestoryhappenedinNovemberonwhichtheweatherwasverycold.2.Themanwhomyouaretalkingisinthenextroom.3.Evenatthatmomenthedidn'tcometoourhelp,whomadeusdisappointed.4.MrWilliamshastwosons,bothofwhomlookslikehim.5.Whenwepassedtheplacewhichthedeadboylay,eachofussaluted.intowhichlookwhere