核安全文化的十项特征

1档案INPO12-0122012年12月INPOTraitsofaHealthyNuclearSafetyCulture健全的核安全文化特征OPENDISTRIBUTION公开发行2OPENDISTRIBUTION:Copyright©2012bytheInstituteofNuclearPowerOperations.Notforsaleorcommercialuse.Allotherrightsreserved.公开发行：版权©2012美国核电运行研究所。非卖品。版权所有。NOTICE:ThisinformationwaspreparedinconnectionwithworksponsoredbytheInstituteofNuclearPowerOperations(INPO).NeitherINPO,INPOmembers,INPOparticipants,noranypersonactingonbehalfofthem(a)makesanywarrantyorrepresentation,expressedorimplied,withrespecttotheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulnessoftheinformationcontainedinthisdocument,orthattheuseofanyinformation,apparatus,method,orprocessdisclosedinthisdocumentmaynotinfringeonprivatelyownedrights,or(b)assumesanyliabilitieswithrespecttotheuseof,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseofanyinformation,apparatus,method,orprocessdisclosedinthisdocument.注：该信息是由美国核电运行研究所发起准备的。无论是INPO组织，INPO成员，INPO的代表，或者任何人，（a）不对该文件的准确性，完整性或有效性做任何承诺。使用该文件中的信息，仪器，方法或过程不得侵犯私人权利。(b)因使用这些信息，仪器，方法或者过程，承担责任。3TABLEOFCONTENTS/目录INTRODUCTION/介绍................................................................................................................................4BACKGROUND/背景……………………………………………………………………………………...6THETRAITSANDTHEIRATTRIBUTES/特征及其特点....................................................................11IndividualCommitmenttoSafety/个人对安全的承诺...............................................................................11PersonalAccountability/个人职责...........................................................................................................11QuestioningAttitude/质疑的态度............................................................................................................11SafetyCommunication/安全沟通............................................................................................................12ManagementCommitmenttoSafety/管理者对安全的承诺.......................................................................14LeadershipAccountability/领导职责.......................................................................................................14Decision-Making/决策.............................................................................................................................15RespectfulWorkEnvironment/彼此尊重的工作环境..............................................................................16ManagementSystems/管理体系..................................................................................................................17ContinuousLearning/持续学习...............................................................................................................17ProblemIdentificationandResolution/识别问题、解决问题..................................................................17EnvironmentforRaisingConcerns/关注的氛围.....................................................................................18WorkProcesses/工作流程.......................................................................................................................19Acknowledgements/致谢.............................................................................................................................214INTRODUCTIONTraitsofaHealthyNuclearSafetyCulturebuildsontheknowledgeandexperiencedevelopedsincethepublicationofPrinciplesofaStrongNuclearSafetyCulturein2004.Thechangeinthetitlereflectsthecommercialnuclearindustry’salignmentofitsownterminologywiththatusedbytheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission.ThisdocumentwasdevelopedthroughacollaborativeeffortbyU.S.industrypersonnelandthestaffoftheInstituteofNuclearPowerOperations(INPO),withinputfromrepresentativesofvariousregulatoryagencies,thepublic,andthenuclearindustryworldwide.TraitsofaHealthyNuclearSafetyCulturereflectsanalignmentintwosetsoftermsthathavebeenusedtodescribenuclearsafetyculture:INPOandtheindustrydefinedsafetycultureinleadershiptermsofprinciplesandattributes,andtheU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissiondefinedsafetycultureinregulatorytermsofcomponentsandaspects.Whereaseachsetoftermsserveditsspecialfunction,theresultcreatedconfusionwithinoperatingorganizationsastotheessentialelementsofahealthysafetyculture.介绍《健全的核安全文化特征》是基于2004年出版的核安全文化原则的知识和经验而产生的。标题的变化，体现了核工业的商业化与美国核管理委员会的一致。此文件由美国核行业人员和美国核电运行研究所（INPO）成员共同努力而成。《健全的核安全文化特征》整合了两套用于描述核安全文化的术语：美国核电运行研究所（INPO）和核能产业以领导者的身份定义了安全文化的主要原则和特征，而美国核管理委员会定义了安全文化的组成。每一套术语都有其特定的功能，但两套术语同时使用容易在运营组织中引起混淆，这是一个健全的安全文化应当避免的。TraitsofaHealthyNuclearSafetyCulturedescribestheessentialtraitsandattributesofahealthynuclearsafetyculture,withthegoalofcreatingaframeworkforopendiscussionandcontinuingevolutionofsafetyculturethroughoutthecommercialnuclearenergyindustry.Forthepurposesofthisdocument,atraitisdefinedasapatternofthinking,feeling,andbehavingsuchthatsafetyisemphasizedovercompetingpriorities.Experiencehasshownthatthepersonalandorganizationaltraitsdescribedinthisdocumentarepresentinapositivesafetycultureandthatshortfallsinthesetraitsandattributescontributesignificantlytoplantevents.《健全的核安全文化特征》描述了一个健全的核安全文化的特征和他特点，目的在于在整个商用核电工业领域中建立一个自由交流，持续改进安全文化的框架。根据该文件的目的，将特征定义为一种思维方式、感观、行为，认为安全重于一切。经验表明，该文件中描述的个人和组