中国科学院2009年秋季博士研究生入学考试部分试题及答案

中国科学院2009年秋季博士研究生入学考试部分试题及答案完型填空原文26.Attitudesofrespect,modestyandfairplaycangrowonlyoutofslowlyacquiredskillsthatparentsteachtheirchildrenovermanyyearsthroughsharedexperienceandmemory.Ifachildreachesadulthoodwithrecollectionsonlyoftelevision,LittleLeagueandbirthdayparties,thenthatchildhaslittletodrawonwhenatruetestofcharactercomesup—say,inapricklybusinesssituation.“Unlessthatchildfeelsgroundedinwhoheisandwherehecomesfrom,everythingelseisanact,”saysetiquetteexpertBettyJoTrakimas.27.TheDickmeyersofCarmel.Ind.,reserveeveryFridaynightas“familynight”withtheirthreechildren.Oftenthefamilyplaysboardgamesorhide-and-seek.“Mychildrenloveit,”saysTheresa,theirmother.28.Canplayinghide-and-seekreallyteachachildaboutmanners?Yes,sayTrakimasandothers,becauseittellschildrenthattheirparentscareenoughtospendtimewithhim,heislovedandcanlearntoloveothers.“Mannersaren’taboutusingtherightfork,agreesetiquetteinstructorPatriciaGilbert-Hinz.“Mannersareaboutbeingkind—givingcompliments,team-playing,makingsacrifices.Childrenlearnthatthroughtheirparents.”29.Whilechildrendon’tautomaticallywarmtotheideaoflearningtobepolite,there’snoreasonforthemtoseemannersasabunchofstuffyrestrictionseither.They’rethebuildingblocksofachild’seducation.“Oncearulebecomessecondnature,itfreesus,”Mitchellsays.“HowwellcouldMichaelJordanplaybasketballifhehadtokeepremindinghimselfoftherules?”30.JudithMartinconcurs.“Apolitechildgrowsuptogetthefriendsandthedatesandthejobinterviews,”shesays,“becausepeoplerespondtogoodmanners.It’sthelanguageofallhumanbehavior.”英语6选5第一篇原文naturalarchitecture-anemergingartmovementthatisexploringmankinds...Thenaturalenvironmentstillmanagestofilluswithasenseofaweandamazement.Despitetheamountofscientificknowledgemankindhasgathered,naturestillholdsgreatmysteriesthatwemayneverbeabletounravel.Thiscomplexityhascontinuallydauntedman.Infrustration,wetrytocontrolnaturebyenforcingorder.Asaresult,wehavedistancedourselvesfromtheearth,eventhoughoursurvivaliscompletelydependentonit.Wearenowtryingtoregainourcloseconnectiontonature.Thereisanemergingartmovementthatisexploringmankind'sdesiretoreconnecttotheearth,throughthebuiltenvironment.Referredtoas'naturalarchitecture',itaimstocreateanew,moreharmonious,relationshipbetweenmanandnaturebyexploringwhatitmeanstodesignwithnatureinmind.Therootsofthismovementcanbefoundinearlierartisticshiftslikethe'landart'movementofthelatenineteensixties.Althoughthismovementwasfocusedonprotestingtheausterityofthegalleryandthecommercializationofart,itmanagedtoexpandtheformallinkbetweenartandnature.Thishashelpeddevelopanewappreciationofnatureinallformsofartanddesign.The'naturalarchitecture'movementaimstoexpandon'landart'byactingasaformofactivismratherthanprotest.Thisnewformofartaimstocapturetheharmoniousconnectionweseekwithnaturebymerginghumanityandnaturethrougharchitecture.Thecoreconceptofthemovementisthatmankindcanliveharmoniouslywithnature,usingitforourneedswhilerespectingitsimportance.Themovementischaracterizedbytheworkofanumberofartists,designersandarchitectsthatexpresstheseprinciplesintheirwork.thepiecesaresimple,humbleandbuiltusingthemostbasicmaterialsandskills.becauseofthis,theresultsoftenresembleindigenousarchitecture,reflectingthedesiretoreturntoalesstechnologicalworld.Theformsarestrippeddowntotheiressence,expressingthenaturalbeautyinherentinthematerialsandlocation.Themovementhasmanyformsofexpressionthatrangefromlocation-basedinterventionstostructuresbuiltfromlivingmaterials.Howeveralloftheworksinthemovementshareacentralethosthatdemonstratesarespectandappreciationfornature.Theseworksaremeanttocommentonarchitectureandprovideanewframeworktoapproachbuildingsandstructures.Theyaimtoinfusenewideasintoarchitecturebysubvertingtheideathatarchitectureshouldshelternature.Instead,thestructuresdeliberatelyexposethenaturalmaterialsusedinthebuildingprocess.Weseethebranches,therocksandallthematerialsforwhattheyare.Weunderstandthatthesestructureswon'texistforever.Thematerialswillevolveovertime,slowlydecomposinguntilnoevidenceremains.Thesefeaturesareintentional,provokingviewerstoquestiontheconventionsofarchitecture.Thedesignersaren'tsuggestingthatarchitecturemustconformtotheirvision,theyarejustprovidingideasthattheyhopewillinspireusalltorethinktherelationshipbetweennatureandthebuiltenvironment.HypocriticaloathsofprivatehospitalsJeffrey|Dec5,0512:10pmEighteen-year-oldKhairulAnuarSalim,whowasattackedbyhoodlums,succumbedtohiswoundsbecause,accordingtohisuncle,aprivatehospitalinCherasinsistedon“Moneyfirstthentreatment”.Thatisbecausethebottomlineofprivatehospitalsisprofit.Theyhavenointentiontotreatthosewhocannotaffordtopay.Theyfeelthatthegovernmentshouldbeartheresponsibilityforhealthcareofordinaryfolkswhocannotaffordorareunwillingtopay.Thatisalsowhytheydonotreleasethedeceased’sbodyuntiltheysecurepaymentfromthenextofkin–nevermindthatthelatterareunderstressandgrieving.Inthis,theyareactinglikethebanksexceptthatinsteadofusingpropertiesorsharesascollateralforpayment,theyusethedeadperson’sbody.DoctorshavetakentheirHippocraticoath–toupholdthespecialva