高考专项复习-状语从句.ppt

高三英语总复习语法系列讲练时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语状从让步状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句状语从句的省略引导词whenwheneveraswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonasonceeach/everytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly(一…就…)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when1)when的用法：wasdoing…when,beabouttodo…when“正在做某事/正要做….突然发生另一件事”。2.)几种特殊句型与强调结构的区别：Itis+时刻+when…Itis/hasbeen+段时+since…Itwillbe/was+段时+before(现在时/过去时).“过一段时间…才”3).before的用法：A：表“还未来得及…就…”B：表“过一段时间才…”，4).until的用法：在not…until结构中，谓语用短暂性动词，“直到…才”;谓语为延续性动词，用until表“一直持续到…”。考查重点5)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when刚……就A.时态：主句用过去完成时（had+pp）从句用一般过去时B.倒装：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要到装Shehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.Nosoonerhadshearrivedatthestationthan….Hehadhardlyenteredthehotelwhenitbegantosnow.Hardlyhadheenteredthehotelwhenitbegantosnow1.when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。如：Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.（不用while）2.when作并列连词，意为“突然，正在那个时候”常运用于以下句型中Somebodybeabouttodo…when…Somebodybeonthepointofdoing…when…Somebodybedoing…when…Somebodyhaddone…when…3.When引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”=nowthat共同点：三者均可表示“当……的时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者通用ImetKangLias／when／whileIwaswalkingalongthestreet．当我沿街散步时碰见了康丽。when、while&as比较时间状语从句whenwhen、while&as比较时间状语从句1.while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。whileas1.as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生，as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……；Hesangashewentalong．他边走边唱。2.as引导让步状语从句必须倒装，从句中的表语，状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语为名词，前置时省略冠词。Childasheis,heknowsalot.3.as意为“因为”，指说话双方都知道的原因。Ashewasnotreadyintime,wewentwithouthim.时间状语从句when、while&as1.______heheardthis,hegotangry.2.HethoughtIamtalkingaboutherson,______,infact,Iamtalkingaboutmyson.3.______hegrewolder,hebegantogodeaf.4.Howdidyougetthereontime______youlefttheresolate?5.Iwasjustcomingalongtoseeyou______IranintoWilson.6.______Iadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.7.______________Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,Imetacrosshim.WhenwhileAswhenwhenWhileWhen/While/Asbefore&sinceBefore除了表示“在、、、之前”还可翻译为：1.Itwasanother5minutesbeforesheheardhimcomingdownthestairs.2.HeranoffbeforeIcouldstophim.3.Shebecameamotherbeforeshehadreachedher15thyear.4.Putdownhertelephonenumberbeforeyouforgetit.5.Hewilldieofhungerbeforehewillsteal.又隔了五分钟，她才听到他从楼梯上走下来。我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。她不到十五岁就做母亲了。把她的电话号码记下来以免忘了。他宁愿饿死不愿偷窃。比较：1.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehegottoBeijing.2.Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedinBeijing.自从他到达北京以来我未收到他的信。自从他离开北京以来我一直未收到他的信。Since从句的谓语动词如果是短暂性的，采用直译法；从句谓语动词为延续性的，则通常是动作或状态的完成或结束，可译为相反或否定的含义。1.Itwas+一段时间+before+一般过去时多久之后才…2.Itwillbe/is+一段时间+before+一般现在时要过多久才3.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时4.Itwas+一段时间+since+过去完成时地点状语从句1.不及物动词+地点状语从句2.主谓宾结构齐全带地点状语从句,说明动作发生的地点1.Youmustcometoafullstop_____________youseeastopsign.2.Youngpeopleshallgo_____________thePartyneedsthemmost.3._______thereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成.4.________thereissmoke,thereisafire.无风不起浪.5._________hehappenedtobe,hecanmakehimselfathome.6.Ourschoolstands______thereusedtobemassesoffarmland.where/whereverwhere/whereverWhereWhereverWhereverwhereWhere/wherever地点状语从句与定语从句的区别1.Ifoundthebook__________Ileftit.2.Ifoundthebook___________Ileftunderthebed.3.Ifoundthebookintheplace__________Ileftit.1.You’dbettermakeamark________youhaveanyquestion.2.You’dbettermakeamarkattheplace_______youhaveanyquestion.where(which/that)wherewherewhere原因状语从句(simply/only/just)because,since,seeingthat/as,now(that),consideringthat,as,for,inthat.1.Youshouldn’tgetawaysimply______somebodyspeaksillofyou.2.Thedaybreaks,____thebirdsaresinging.3.________itisrainingheavilyoutside,whynotstayforalittlelonger.4.____it’scoldoutside,you’dbetterputonmoreclothes.5.Itwas_________hewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.6.--Whyareyouabsentfromthemeeting?--________Iamill.becauseforSinceAsbecauseBecause1.Because所引导的从句既可以放于主句前也可以放于之后.它表示最直接的原因,不为人知的原因.不与so连用.同时它能回答why的提问,以及用于强调句中,用于表语从句.2.Since表示众所周知的原因,译成既然,鉴于.还可用seeingthat/as,nowthat.常放于主句前,不能回答why的提问或用于强调句.3.As译成由于,放于主句前后都可以.语气弱.不能回答why的提问或用于强调句.4.For起补充说明的作用,加以推断,常放于主句之后,且用逗号与主句隔开.不能回答why的提问或用于强调句.温馨提示:1.Thefootballmatchwasputoff_______itrained.2.Thefootballmatchwasputoff_________therain.(because,becauseof)3._____welivenearthesea,wecanoftengoswimming.4.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,___thegroundiswet.5.Thelampwentout_______theoilwasusedup.6.Theoilwasusedup,_____thelampwentout.becausebecauseofSinceforbecausefor目的状语从句Sothat=inorderthat,forfearthat,that,incase,lest.1.Theboyhidhimselfbehindthetree_______________hisfathershouldseehim.温馨提示:Incase,forfearthat,lest这些从属连词本身带有否定含义,相当于inorderthat/sothat…not.它们引导的状语从句中谓语动词常用should+动词原形．incase/forfearthatforfearthat:恐怕；唯恐；怕的是、、、Eg：1.Heworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.2.Heisworkinghardforfearthathewouldfall.3.Shutthewindowforfearthatitmayrain.incase:以防（某种情况的发生）；万一Eg:1.Takewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.2.Hereisashillingincaseyoushouldneedit.3.IshallstayinthehotelalldayincasethereisnewsofHarry.lest:forfearthat;inorderthat…notEg:1.Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.2.Lestanyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.1._________youcancatchthefirstbus,youshouldhurr