(基于AT89C51单片机的电加热炉温度控制系统的设计)

武汉职业技术学院毕业设计（论文）题目：基于AT89C51单片机的电加热炉温度控制系统院系：机电工程学院专业：电气自动化班级：电气13302姓名：何艳辉学号：1302303904指导老师：方波完成日期：2016年3月I摘要随着国民经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高，各种电子产品开始进入人们的生活并成为人们生活不可或缺的一部分，因此对电子产品的自动化控制的要求也越来越高，本设计正是选用了其中具有代表性的电加热炉作为研究对象。本设计以单片机为核心对电加热炉的温度进行监测和控制，采用单片机来对他们控制不仅具有控制方便，简单和灵活性大等优点，而且可以大幅度提高被控温度的技术指标，从而能够大大的提高产品的质量和数量。为了实现高精度的温度控制，本单片机系统采用PID算法控制，通过控制双向可控硅改变电炉和电源的接通、断开，从而用改变加热时间的方法来实现对温度的控制。本系统由按键显示和温度采样控制以及上下限报警几个模块组成，通过模块间的通信完成温度设定、实际温度和测量温度的显示等功能。本文对系统的硬件、选型、软件中流程控制的实现均有较为详细的阐述，对使用的编程软件也有描述，对于本系统的控制特点也进行总结说明，比较详尽地叙述了整个系统的相关事宜。关键词：单片机、PID算法、温度控制。IIAbstractAlongwiththedevelopmentofnationaleconomy,thepeopletotherequirementsofthequalityofthelifemoreandmorehigh,allkindsofelectronicproductsbegantoenterintothepeople'slifeandbecomeanintegralpartoflife,sotherequirementsofelectronicproductsofautomationcontrolalsobecomemoreandmorehigh,thisdesignisjustchoosetheelectricheatingwhichoneisrepresentativeastheresearchobject.Thisdesignwiththesinglechipprocessorasthecoretomonitoringandcontrolelectricheatingtemperature,Usingthemonolithiccontrolhasnotonlytocontrolconvenient,simpleandflexibleandotheradvantages,andcangreatlyincreasethespecificationsoftemperature,whichcangreatlyimprovethequalityandquantityofproducts.Inordertorealizehighprecisiontemperaturecontrol,theSCMsystemadoptsPIDcontrolalgorithm,throughcontrollingtheonandoffoftheBidirectionalcontrollablesiliconandthemethodofchangingtheheatingtimetoachievethecontrolofthetemperature.Thesystemiscomposedofbuttondisplayandtemperaturesamplingcontrolandupperalarmseveralmodules,throughthecommunicationsofthemoduletorealizetemperatureset,andthedisplayfunctionoftheactualtemperatureandmeasuringtemperature.Thisarticleisdetailedinhardware,selection,softwareprocesscontrolrealizationofthesystem,andalsodescribestheprogrammingsoftware,controlcharacteristicandalsosummarizesthatmoreexhaustiveaccountofthesystemrelatedissues.Keywords：Microcontroller、Temperaturecontrol、PIDalgorithm.III目录第一章绪论...........................................................................................................................11.1课题背景及国内外研究概况.............................................................................................11.2自动控制理论及其发展.....................................................................................................21.3课题的建立以及本文完成的主要工作.............................................................................3第二章总体方案设计...............................................................................................................42.1总体方案的确定.................................................................................................................42.2系统组成.............................................................................................................................5第三章单片机技术和PID算法..............................................................................................63.1AT89C51简介.....................................................................................................................63.1.1单片机的引脚介绍.......................................................................................................63.1.2单片机的存储结构.......................................................................................................93.2PID算法介绍....................................................................................................................103.2.1PID算法的数字化.....................................................................................................103.2.2PID算法的运用.........................................................................................................11第四章系统硬件设计.............................................................................................................134.1系统概况...........................................................................................................................134.2功能模块...........................................................................................................................134.2.1单片机控制模块.........................................................................................................134.2.2数据转换与采集模块A/D0808.................................................................................144.2.3按键选择模块.............................................................................................................154.2.4显示模块.....................................................................................................................154.2.5报警模块.....................................................................................................................164.2.6输出模块.....................................................................................................................164.3总体方案的实现和元器件清单.......................................................................................174.3.1系统的整体设计.........................................................................................................174.3.2元器件清单...................................................................