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Annexesto:CPMP/ICH/283/95Impurities:Guidelineforresidualsolvents&CVMP/VICH/502/99Guidelineonimpurities:residualSolventsEMA关于残留溶剂指南CPMP/ICH/283/95杂质-残留溶剂指南和CVMP/VICH/502/99杂质指南-残留溶剂的附录AnnexI:specificationsforclass1andclass2residualsolventsinactiveSubstances附录I:API中I类和II类残留溶剂质量标准AnnexII:residuesofsolventsusedinthemanufactureoffinishedproducts附录II:制剂生产中使用溶剂的残留DiscussionatQualityWorkingParty质量工作组讨论会议January2003toJune20042003.01~2004.06AdoptionbyCVMPCVMP采纳July20042004.07AdoptionbyCHMPCHMP采纳July20042004.07Dateforcomingintooperation生效时间January20052005.01Rev.01AdoptionbyQualityWorkingParty质量工作组采纳的01版本22November20122012.11.22Rev.01AdoptionbyCVMPCVMP采纳的01版本7February20132013.02.07Rev.01AdoptionbyCHMPCHMP采纳的01版本11February20132013.02.11Rev.01Dateforcomingintooperation01版本生效1March20132013.03.01Introduction前言Thetwo(V)ICHresidualsolventsguidelines,ICHQ3CImpurities:Guidelineforresidualsolvents(CPMP/ICH/283/95)andVICHGL18Guidelineonimpurities:residualsolventsinnewveterinarymedicinalproducts,activesubstancesandexcipients(CVMP/VICH/502/99),havebeeninoperationforseveralyears,sinceMarch1998andJune2001respectively.虽然ICH颁布的ICHQ3C杂质:残留溶剂指导原则(CPMP/ICH/283/95)和VICHGL18杂质指导原则:兽用药、API和辅料(CVMP/VICH/502/99)中的残留溶剂这两个关于残留溶剂的指南分别从1998.03和2001.06就开始被采纳应用。However,ithasbecomeevidentthatfurtherclarificationwasrequiredregardingthespecificationsforClass1andclass2residualsolventsinactivesubstances.但是从应用的实际情况来看,EMA觉得需要对API中I类和II类残留溶剂质量标准的问题进行澄清。Aclearinterpretationoftheissuesregardingresiduesofsolventsusedinthemanufactureoffinishedmedicinalproducts,bothhumanandveterinary,wasalsorequired.EMA同时也认为需要对人用药和兽用药生产中的溶剂残留问题进行清楚的解释和说明。AnnexI:Specificationsforclass1andclass2residualsolventsinactivesubstances附录I:API中I类和II类残留溶剂质量标准Specificationsforclass1solventsI类溶剂质量标准InboththeICHandVICHguidelinesonimpurities:residualsolventsitisstatedthat“solventsinclass1shouldnotbeemployedinthemanufactureofdrug/activesubstances,excipients,anddrug/veterinarymedicinalproductsbecauseoftheirunacceptabletoxicityortheirdeleteriousenvironmentaleffect.However,iftheiruseisunavoidableinordertoproduceadrug/veterinarymedicinalproductwithasignificanttherapeuticadvance,thentheirlevelsshouldberestrictedasshown……..,unlessotherwisejustified”.因为I类溶剂的巨大的毒性或者对环境的危害性的原因,因此在ICH和VICH关于杂质-残留溶剂的指南中已经明确说明了在制剂/API、药用辅料和人用药/兽用药生产中不应该使用I类溶剂;但如果在生产一种具有显著疗效的人用药/兽用药时而不得不使用到I类溶剂的时候,那么除非有其他的解释,否则就应该将相应的I类溶剂残留水平控制在指南中规定的限度……。Thejustificationforusingaclass1solventasasolventinamanufacturingprocessmaybebasedonthecurrentscientificandtechnicalknowledgeandthestepinwhichthissolventisinvolved.Forexample,useofthatclass1solventisunavoidableforthespecificchemicalreaction,orthedesiredpurityprofilecanonlybeobtainedbyusingthatclass1solvent.Ifaclass1solventisinvolvedinaveryearlystepofthemanufacturingprocessandiftheabsenceofthissolventisshowninasuitableintermediate,suchanapproachmaybeacceptable(forexample,friedelcraftschemicalreaction).(生产商)可以根据现阶段的科学技术以及I类溶剂在实际生产中使用的步骤来对工艺中采用I类溶剂的情况进行解释和说明。比如说某个化学反应必须要使用1类溶剂,或使用I类溶剂来获得所需的纯度。如果只是在生产中较早的工艺步骤中使用到I类溶剂,而且这个溶剂可以在某个中间体之前被除尽的话,在这种情况下在工艺中使用I类溶剂是可以接受的(例如傅-克反应)。Themaximumacceptablelimit,inasuitableintermediateorinthefinalactivesubstance,foraclass1solvent,whetheritisusedasasolvent,astartingmaterial,ispresentasaby-product,oritispresentinasolvent,shouldcomplywiththelimitsprescribedintherelevantaforementionedICH/VICHguidelineonimpurities:residualsolvents,unlessotherwisejustified(forexample,bythebenefit-riskratio).除非有其他特别的合理解释(比如说效益风险比的考虑),否则不论是作为溶剂、起始原料、反应副产物还是其他溶剂携带的I类溶剂在中间体还是API中控制的限度都必须符合前面提到的ICH/VICH指南中对于残留溶剂规定的限度。Inallcases,thecontentofclass1solventsinthefinalactivesubstanceshouldcomplywiththerequirementsoftherelevantaforementionedGuideline,iftested.任何存在I类溶剂测试的情况下API中I类溶剂的残留量都必须符合前面提到的指南中相应的要求。Aclass1solventsusedasstartingmaterials作为起始物料使用的I类溶剂Certainclass1solvents,suchasbenzeneand1,2-dichloroethane,canbeusedasstartingmaterials.Indeed,theuseofbenzeneasastartingmaterialisunavoidablewhenbenzeneisastructuralpartoftheactivesubstance.某些特定的I类溶剂,如苯和1,2-二氯乙烷是可能被用作起始物料的。实际上如果苯环是API化学结构的一部分的话,那么在合成该API时,苯肯定是作为起始物料使用的。Benzene,asastartingmaterial,iscommonlyusedintheveryearlystepsofsyntheses,wellbeforethekeystartingmaterialobtained.Itisthereasonwhy,inmostcasesbenzeneisnotmentionedinthedescriptionofthemanufacturingprocess.Thereforeamanufacturerdescribingasynthesisstartingfrombenzeneshouldnotbeaskedtoeliminateitwhenanothermanufacturercouldrefertoasyntheticroutestartingfromalaterprocessstep(wherenoquestionsrelatedtotheuseofthisclass1solventwouldberaised).通常情况下当苯被当做起始物料使用的话,一般都是用在关键起始物料形成之前非常靠前的合成步骤中。这是为什么在大多情况下苯的使用都不会在生产工艺体现的原因。因此如果一个生产商A采用一个从苯开始进行合成的工艺会被另一个生产商B从该工艺后面步骤进行引用的话,那么对于生产商A来说,它不需要在生产中完全去除苯的残留。(此时I类溶剂的使用是不会被质疑的)。Whenclass1solventsareusedasstartingmaterialstheyshouldberoutinelycontrolled,eitherinasuitableintermediateorinthefinalactivesubstance.如果I类溶剂是被作为起始物料使用的话,那么必须在中间体或者API中对其进行常规控制。Bclass1solventspresentasanimpurity作为杂质出现的I类溶剂Benzeneinanactivesubstancecanbeaby-productfromachemicalreaction(forexample,Grignardreaction,whenphenylmagnesiumhalideusedinexcessishydrolysedtoyieldbenzene),ormayar
本文标题:EMA残留溶剂指南附录
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