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1TeachingPlan:DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech1.TeachingAims:KnowsomethingaboutDirectspeechandIndirectspeech.2.ImportantParts:HowtousetheDirectspeechandIndirectspeech.3.TeachingMethods:groupworkandpairwork4.TeachingAids:Projector5.TeachingPeriods:Twoperiods6.TeachingProcedure:StepOne:Lead-in直接引语就是直接地引用或复述别人的话,并放在引号内。间接引语则是说话人用自己的话转述他人的原话,被转述的内容不放在引号内。间接引语是说话者站在自己的角度进行转述,因此,不同的直接引语要用不同的句式来进行转述,且直接引语中的代词、动词的时态以及时间或地点状语都要有相应的变化,部分引述动词有时也需做适当的调整。这些变化有一定的规则,但在具体运用时往往呈现复杂的情况。本章的学习重点是要掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等由直接引语变为间接引语最基本的规则,特别是特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时的词序变化、时态的前后呼应以及规则以外的不同变化。准确地进行直接引语和间接引语的转换有助于我们准确地进行交际。StepTwo:DetailsaboutDirectspeechandIndirectSpeech一、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,不仅句式上要有变化,而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式,如:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则,还要注意根据句意,使用适当的引述动词。(1)陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语,通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say和tell等。Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”---HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”---HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.【Tips】间接引语中不用saytosb,要用tellsb来引述。2【点津坊】在下列情况下,往往要保留that。①that的省略会产生歧义。Lindasaiddisappointedlythatwhenshearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.琳达很失望地说,她到达车站时火车已经开走了。(如不用that,when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said,又可以理解为修饰hadleft)②当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时,第二个that不能省略。Hesaid(that)hewasleavingforEuropethenextweekandthathewouldstaythereforhalfayear.(第二个that不能省略)(2)疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask,inquire,wonder,wanttoknow等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序,句末不用问号,用句号。①一般疑问句的间接引语直接引语为一般疑问句时,用连词whether或if引导,某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”---Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”---HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.②特殊疑问句的间接引语直接引语为特殊疑问句,转换为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导。Hesaidtome,“What'syourname?”---Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”---Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.③选择疑问句的间接引语直接引语为选择疑问句时,用连词whether/if…or…引导。Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”---HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.【Tips】引述词saytooneself常改成wonder。Isaidtomyself,“AmIfitforthejob?”IwonderedifIwasfitforthejob.我不知道我是否能胜任这项工作。3Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”---Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.(3)祈使句的间接引语直接引语如果是祈使句,变成间接引语后,叫间接祈使句。①祈使句表示命令时,要把直接引语的动词say变成command,order,tell等动词,被转述的部分改为动词不定式。否定祈使句改为nottodo结构。“Staywhereyouare,”shesaid.---ShetoldmetostaywhereIwas.“Don’tsmokeintheroom,”hesaid.---Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.②祈使句表示请求时,常把直接引语的动词say变成ask,beg,request,urge等动词。Shesaidtome,“PleasewaittillIreturn,willyou?”---Shebeggedmetowaittillshereturned.③以Let’s开头的祈使的句,通常将引述动词改为suggest,然后再接that从句。JohnsaidtoBill,“Let’sgohikingtomorrow.”---JohnsuggestedtoBillthatthey(should)gohikingthenextday.(4)感叹句的间接引语直接引语是感叹句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接感叹句。间接感叹句多采用宾语从句结构,既可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换。Hesaid,“Whatabeautifulviewitis!”---Hesaidthatitwasaverybeautifulview.---Hecriedoutwhatabeautifulviewitwas.Sheoftensays,“WhatagreatcountryChinais!”---SheoftensaysthatChinaisaverygreatcountry.---Sheoftenremarkswithadmiration(that)Chinaisagreatcountry.二、引语转换时的各种相应变化直接引语转换成间接引语除了有句式的变化外,还要掌握动词时态、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和词序的变化。(1)动词时态的变化4①如果引述动词为现在时态,间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。Hesays,“Ihavebeenwritinganovel.”Hesaysthathehasbeenwritinganovel.②如果引述动词为过去时态,间接引语中的时间就要往后推,即现在时间推至过去时间,过去时间推至过去的过去,将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表:直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时Theteachersaid,“YouaredoingOK.”TheteachersaidweweredoingOK.(现在进行时变为过去进行时)Iaskedher,“Wherehaveyouspentyourholiday?”Iaskedherwhereshehadspentherholiday.(现在完成时变为过去完成时)Shesaid,“IwenttoShanghai.”ShesaidthatshehadgonetoShanghai.(过去时变为过去完成时)Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyworkbefore10o’clock.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhisworkbefore10o’clock..(过去完成时不变)Themayorsaid:“ThepeopleofBeijingwillbepreparingtolighttheOlympictorchtowelcomeathletesandfansfromallovertheworld.”ThemayorsaidthatthepeopleofBeijingwouldbepreparingtolighttheOlympictorchtowelcomeathletesandfansfromallovertheworld.(将来进行时变为过去将来进行时)(2)情态动词的变化在间接引语中,有些情态动词没有过去式,转换为间接引语时仍用原来的形式,或用其它5表示法。直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould(不变)willwouldwouldWould(不变)maymightmightMight(不变)cancouldcouldCould(不变)mustMust/hadtoHesaid,“Ireallymustgo.”Hesaidthathereallymustgo.“Mustwehandinourexercisethisafternoon?”heasked.Heaskediftheyhadtohandintheexercisethatafternoon.“Youneednottakeanumbrellawithyou,”hesaid.HesaidthatIneednottakeanumbrellawithme.【Tips】因为人称发生了变化,在直接引语中可用shall或should,而在间接引语中则用would。“Ishouldbegladtocome.”“我会很愿意来的。”Hesaidhewouldbegladtocome.他说他会很愿意来。(3)人称代词的变化人称代词的变化要以转述者的立场作适当的改变。改变方式通常与汉语基本相同,即第一、三人称转换成第三人称;第二人称转换成第一、三人称。“I’mfondofsurfingtheInternet,”hesaid.HesaidhewasfondofsurfingtheInternet.“Youshouldpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation,”theteachersaid.6TheteachersaidthatIshouldpaymoreattentiontomypronunciation.【Tips】但如果说话人引述自己的话,人称代词不必改动。Isaid,“Ihadagoodtimeattheparty.”我说:“我在晚会上玩得很开心。”IsaidthatIhadhadagoodtimeattheparty.我说我在晚会上玩得很开心。(4)指示代词的变化在间接引语中,指示代词this转换成that,these转换成t
本文标题:直接引语间接引语教学设计
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