小学英语四大句法

1句法种类用途例句陈述句用来说明事实和说话人的看法Icanseeamaponthewall.Ithinkit’shis.疑问句用来提问AreyouMrGreen?Howoldareyou？祈使句用来表示请求、命令等Standup.Comein,please.感叹句用来表达强烈的感情Whatafinedayitis!Howbeautifultheflowersare!一、陈述句1.定义：陈述一个事实或表明说话人的观点、看法。可以分为肯定句和否定句2.分类（1）be动词型：Iamateacher.She_____adoctor.They______fromEngland.（2）have/has动词型Ihaveanapple.She______adog.He_____twobananas.They______someflowers.（3）行为动词型Ieatdinnerat7o’clock.SheteachesEnglishintheschool.（4）情态动词型,情态动词后的动词一般为原形。小学阶段常见的情态动词主要有：can,should,would,may等2Icancookthemeals.Shemayknowwhatitis.Iwouldlikesomejuice.3.陈述句的肯定句型和否定句型（1）肯定句型:主语+动词（be动词/have/has/行为动词/情态动词）+........（2）否定句型①主语+be动词/have/has/情态动词+not+......Sheisnotadoctor.Ihavenotanyapples.②主语+don’t/doesn’t+行为动词+.......Idon’tlikeswimming.Shedoesn’tgotoschoolonweekend.牛刀小试：将下列句子变为否定句(1)Theycandanceverywell.________________________________.(2)Hismotherdoeshouseworkeveryday.______________________________________.(3)JackandAmyplaybasketballafterschool._______________________________________.二、疑问句3疑问句包括一般疑问句和特殊疑问句1.一般疑问句：①be+主语+.......：Isthisyourbag?_____youateacher?____he/sheadoctor?______theyfromChina?_____yourfriendaboyoragirl?②助动词/情态动词+主语+........Doyoulikeicecream?_____shelikedogs?_____theylikedogs?_____yourfriendlikedogs?Canyoucookthemeals?2.特殊疑问句：由疑问代词what,who,whom,which,whose或疑问副词when,where,why,how引导的疑问句①询问名字、年龄：What’syourname?________hisname?________hername?Howoldareyou?Howold_____he/she?②询问颜色：WhatcolourWhatcolourisit?Whatcolour______they?③询问时间、日期Whattimeisitnow?Whatdayisittoday?Whenisyourbirthday?What’sthedatetoday?④询问地方：WhereWhereismycar?Where______thekeys?⑤询问数量或价钱：howmany,howmuch4Howmanykitescanyousee?____________booksdoyouhave?Howmuchisthedress?_____________aretheapples?⑥“How”问句:Howtall(多高)，Howheavy(多重)，Howlong(多长)Howtallareyou?_____________ishe?他有多重？______doyougotoschool?你怎样去上学的？⑦询问身体情况或情绪：feel,matterHowdoyoufeel?What’sthe_________?你怎么了？Howareyou？⑧询问想要的东西：wouldWhatwouldyoulikeforlunch?________youlikesomejuice?_________youliketoplayfootball?⑨询问天气：What’s/HowWhat’stheweatherliketoday?Howistheweathertoday?⑩询问职业、身份或人物：Who/WhatWhatisyoufather?=What_______yourfather______?Whatisshelike?⑪询问兴趣、爱好：favouriteWhatisyourfavouritefood?Whatisyourfavouriteseason?5=________seasondoyoulike_________best?三、祈使句定义：表示请求、命令或劝告的句子,通常省略主语（you）表命令:Goandwashyourhands.Fillintheform.表请求：Bequiet,please.Openthewindow,please.表劝告：Bekindtoyoursister.表警告:Watchyoursteps！Lookout!Danger!表禁止：Nosmoking!Nophotos!Noparking!Don’tstandup!练习：1.翻译下列祈使句（1）不要跑________________(2)Letmesee.___________(3)请安静点_________________.(4)Handsup!______________(5)Listentome._____________________(6)Don’tlookoutofthewindow!______________________________.2.选词填空have,please,don’t,be,don’tbe,let’s6(1)Pleasewaitforme,_________walksofast.(2)_________goshoppingnow!(3)_________quiet,please!(4)_________sitdown.(5)_________agoodtime!(6)_________talking,classbegins!四、感叹句定义：表示赞美、惊叹、喜怒哀乐等感情的句子。1.由what引导（1）What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！Whatabeautifulfloweritis!（2）What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!2.由how引导How+形容词+主语+谓语！Hownicesheis!Howfastheruns!Howlovelythedogis!练习：1.用how或what填空1（1）________acleverboyheis!（2）________lovelythecatis!7（3）__________delicious!（4）__________ahotday!（5）__________quicklyheruns!2.选择题（1）_________interestingbookitis!A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan（2）Whatanicehouse_______!A.itisB.isitC.isD.it（3）______fastthebusruns!A.HowB.ItisC.WhatD.Isit（4）How_____thedresses________!A.acheap,isB.cheap,isC.cheap,areD.acheap,are（5）Whata________!A.bigbrowncowB.cowC.brownbigcowD.bigbrown3.将下列句子译成中文1.多高的一棵树呀！__________________________________.2.这本书真有趣！___________________________________,3.多暖和的一天！___________________________________.4.那个老人走得多慢呀！________________________________.5.你的手真脏呀！_____________________________________.