高中英语语法-冠词讲解及练习

1冠词用法一.不定冠词的用法1.表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。Thereisabookonthedesk.2.a/an+单数n.表类别，指一类人或事物。Ahorseisausefulanimal.3.表one,acertain,every,thesameI’llreturninadayortwo.AMr.Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs.Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theyarenearlyofanage.4.用在抽象名词前，a+抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如：Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents.Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou.Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting.asurprise/success/failure5.与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。Whataheavyrain!Whatagoodsupper!Pleasegivemeablackcoffee!6.在同位语中，常用a/an+n.（one）MikeandLucy,anewlymarriedcouple,hadahappyhoneymooninParis.7.用在某些固定词组中.afterawhile过了一会儿allofasudden突然asarule通常asaresult结果，因此asamatteroffact事实上asawhole大体上ataloss不知所措inahurry急忙inaway在某种程度上inaword总而言之putanendto…结束…cometoanend结束cometoaconclusion得出结论haveagoodtime玩得愉快havearest休息一下haveacold感冒haveawordwith和…谈一谈makealiving谋生makeafire生火makeafoolof愚弄takeawalkaknowledgeof,aunderstandingof,acollectionof8.不定冠词的特殊位置1）as/so/too/how/however+adj.+a/an+单数n.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.2)what/such/half+a/an+单数n.Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.二.定冠词的用法1.表特指的人或物Lookattheblackboard.Thereisabookonthedesk.ThebookisanEnglishbook.2.the+单数n.表类别Thehorseisausefulanimal.3.表世界上独一无二的事物，但若此类名词前有修饰成分，也可用a/anthesun,theearth,themoon,thesky,theuniverseafullmoonbut:innature,inspace,insociety,inhistory24.用在普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。theUnitedStates,theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,theRockyMountains,5.用在序数词、形容词最高级、only,very,same前。thesecondstory,thelargestroom,thethirdlongestriver但：1）a/an+序数词表“又一，再一”；the+序数词表排序“第一，第二…..”Wouldyougivemeasecondchance?2)amost+adj.最高级:very,themost+adj.最高级表“最….”amostbeautifulpicture=averybeautifulpicture6.用在方位名词前ontheleft,intheeast/west7.用在形容词或分词前表示一类人,作主语谓语用复数。thepoor/rich/dying/young/living/wounded8.表“按…计算”bytheyard/thedozen/themonth/theday/theweek/ton但：bysizebytimebyweight9.在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable10.西洋乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin?11.在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago.12.年代，朝代前Inthe1870’s/1870s,theTangDynasty13.动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位Hehithimintheface.beatsb.onthenose,takesb.bythearm,patsb.onthehead14.the+比较级表两者中“较….的”，a+比较级表“一个更…..的”Heisthetallerofthetwoboys.Idon’tlikethebike.Iwantabetterone.15.用在一些习惯用语中。如：allthesame仍然allthetime一直alltheyearround一年到头attheageof在……岁时atthebeginningof起初;开始attheendof在……的尽头/末尾16.定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在exactly,just,all,both，double，half，twice等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了三.不用冠词的情况(零冠词)1.专有名词前China,America,John,2.可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine.3.季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前spring,summer,autumn/fall,winter,Sunday,October,NationalDaybut:inthespringofthatyear,ImethimonaMondaylastmonth.3Wehadawonderfulsupper.4.称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、补足语及同位语时What’sthis,Mother?Hewasmademonitor.GeorgeW.BushispresidentoftheUSA.5.学科名词，球类、棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics?Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指前Waterisveryimportant.Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife.7.在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar(bus,train,water,air,land)8.某些固定词组中dayandnight,brotherandsister,hourafterhour,hereandthere9.as引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的名词不带冠词。Childassheis,sheknowsalotofFrench.10.系动词turn（作“变成”解）后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter.=Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter11.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后面的名词不用冠词。Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage12.man“人类”nature“自然”前不用冠词。13.常见纯不可数名词，不与a/an连用。fun,weather,advice,progress,baggage,luggage,furniture,equipment,space,health,wealth,word=news,information,luck注意：有无冠词的区别attable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁边atdesk在读书atthedesk在课桌旁atschool在上学attheschool在学校里inclass在上课intheclass在班级里面inbed卧床inthebed在床上inprison坐牢intheprison（因事）在监狱inhospital住院inthehospital（因事）在医院gotoschool去上学gototheschool（因事）去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotothebed在床上gotohospital去看病gotothehospital去医院takeplace发生taketheplace代替inplaceof代替intheplaceof在...的地方incaseof万一inthecaseof就...来说outofquestion毫无疑问outofthequestion完全不可能41.Hemissed___goldinthehighjump,butwillget___secondchanceinthelongjump.A.the;theB.不填;aC.the;aD.a;不填2.Carlisstudyingfoodscienceatcollegeandhopestoopenupmeatprocessingfactoryofhisownoneday.A./；aB./；theC.the;aD.the;the3.Samhasbeenappointed_____manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake____placeofGeorge.A./,/B.the,/Cthe;theD./,the4.Sarahlookedatfinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction.A.不填；aB.a;theC.the;不填D.the;a5.Beingabletoafford______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;不填D.不填;a6.TheSmithsdon’tusuallylikestayingat___hotels,butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelby____sea.A./;aB.the;theC./;theD.the;a7.Iwokeupwith______badheadache,yetby____eveningthepainhadgone.A.the;theB.the;anC.a;theD.a;an8.Wearesaidtobelivingin____InformationAge,____timeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.A.an;theB.不填;theC.不填;aD.the;a9.Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeen_____gradualprocessthroughout_____humanexistence,fromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.A.不填;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.a;a10.The“ChineseDream”is______dreamtoimprovepeople’swell-beingand______dreamofharmony,peaceanddevelopment.A.the;aB.a;aC.a;theD.the;the11.Animalsareobviously______lowerformoflifethan_______man.A.a;/B.the;theC.a;theD./;/12.Itwas______coldwinternightandthe